Hinduism and Buddhism

• The Hindu religion emerged in India around 1500 BC.
• Hinduism arose from the blending of beliefs of the Arya and Dravida peoples.
• The emergence of Hinduism occurred near the Ganges River.
• The Hindu teachings are based on the Vedas; the Tripitaka are not included in the Vedas.
• The Hindu religion recognizes many gods; the three most revered are Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.
• Shiva is considered the destroyer of the universe in Hinduism.
• Vishnu is considered the preserver of the universe in Hinduism.
• Brahma is considered the creator of the universe in Hinduism.
• The highest ranking in the Hindu caste system is the Brahmana, who are priests and religious figures.
• The lowest level in the Hindu caste system is the Sudra, consisting of laborers, scavengers, and beggars.
• The Ksatria caste in Hinduism consists of nobles.
• The Waisya caste in Hinduism includes traders and farmers.
• Buddhism emerged in India around the 6th century BC.
• Siddhartha গৌতম is a key figure in the spread of Buddhism in India.
• Buddhism arose in reaction to the caste system.
• Samsara refers to the cycle of rebirth in Buddhism.
• Four general theories address the entry of Hinduism into the archipelago.
• One theory states that the Sudra, or voluntary workers, brought Hinduism to Nusantara.
• Another theory suggests that the Ksatria, or warriors, brought Hinduism.
• According to a third theory, the Brahmana, or priests, were invited to spread Hinduism.
• The fourth theory states that people from the archipelago studied in India and brought Hinduism back.
• Animism and Dynamism were belief systems that existed in Indonesia before Hinduism and Buddhism.
• The Kutai kingdom is considered the first Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Indonesia.
• The Kutai Kingdom is located in East Kalimantan.
• The Kingdom of Kutai is situated on the banks of the Marakam River.
• King Kudungga was the first king of Kutai.
• One of the Kutai kings known from the Yupa inscription donated 20,000 cows to the Brahmins.
• Only certain groups were proficient in Sanskrit and Pallawa script.
• Historical accounts of the Tarumanegara kingdom can be found in inscriptions and Chinese records, which refer to Tarumanegara as To-lo-mo.
• The most famous ruler during the Kalingga Kingdom was a woman.
• In 692 AD, Srivijaya expanded into the Malay region which was then under Srivijaya's rule. The center of the Srivijaya Kingdom was located in
• Historical sources for the Srivijaya Kingdom include inscriptions.
• Factors contributed to the growth of Srivijaya as Indonesia’s first national kingdom.
• Various reasons led to the downfall of the Srivijaya kingdom.
• The founder of the Mataram Hindu kingdom in Central Java is
• Borobudur Temple, a major work of the Indonesian people, was built by the Mataram kingdom.
• The Kediri kingdom reached its peak during the reign of a king.
• The decline of the Kediri kingdom during the reign of King Kertajaya was because

Overview of Hinduism's origins in India around 1500 BC, its key deities (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva), and the caste system. It also introduces the emergence of Buddhism in India around the 6th century BC.