Hindu Monasticism and Renunciation

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What do visitors to Mecca do during the days of the pilgrimage?

Visit the well of Zamzam, make seven trips around the Kaaba, and kiss the sacred black stone.

What is the central concept of Judaism?

The covenant or contract with God.

What are some characteristics of God according to the text?

God is the creator and guide of the universe, without bodily form, the only focus of prayer, omniscient, and rewards and punishes based on commandments.

Who are the Shiites and what do they believe in?

They believe that revelation did not end with Muhammad and the Quran, and that there were further revelations through figures called Imams. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the sacrifice during the hajj?

Visitors offer a sacrifice of a sheep or goat on the tenth day of the hajj. Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of Muslims who are Sunnis?

Eighty-five percent. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of a sannyasin in Hinduism?

To attain liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth. Signup and view all the answers

Define Karma in Hinduism.

Karma is the law of cause and effect, the sum of all good and bad actions an individual does. Signup and view all the answers

What is Moksha in Hinduism?

Moksha is spiritual freedom when the soul is no longer reborn. Signup and view all the answers

What are some Hindu festivals mentioned in the text?

Navaratri, Holi, Shivaratri, Raksha Bandan. Signup and view all the answers

How many stages of Hindu life are mentioned in the text?

Four stages: Student, Householder, Retirement, Renunciation. Signup and view all the answers

Who is regarded as the greatest deity in Zoroastrianism?

Ahura Mazda. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms in which Vishnu is believed to have come to Earth?

Human form (Rama) and animal form (Krishna). Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the renunciation stage of life in Hinduism?

To devote oneself to spiritual practice with a commitment to selfless service and in pursuit of liberation (moksha). Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of sacred texts in Hinduism?

<ol> <li>Shruti (heard/Revealed Truths like the Vedas and Upanishads) and 2) Smriti (remembered, like the Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between worship and a mandir (temple) in Hinduism?

Worship is a private thing done at home, while a mandir is a temple. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Ramayana and Bhagavad Gita texts?

To explain the beliefs and values of the Hindu way of living. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'dharma' refer to in Hinduism?

Fulfilling the duties of a Hindu, both religious and those related to the extended family. Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate age of Jesus when he began his public ministry?

30 years old Signup and view all the answers

How long did Jesus travel with his 12 appointed disciples?

For about 3 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the Christian belief about the conception of Jesus?

Christians believe the conception of Jesus was a supernatural event with God impregnating Mary via the Holy Spirit. Signup and view all the answers

What literary device did Jesus frequently use in his teachings?

Jesus used parables - short stories with hidden messages - in his teachings. Signup and view all the answers

Where was Jesus born according to the text?

Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in the West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Beatitudes, who shall possess the land?

The meek shall possess the land. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Buddha's primary message or 'Dharma'?

The Buddha's Dharma or primary message was about suffering, the causes of suffering, and the way out of suffering. Signup and view all the answers

What were the three divisions or 'pitakas' into which the Buddha's teachings were grouped?

The three pitakas were: 1) Vinaya - rules for monks and nuns, 2) Sutta - collection of Buddha's sermons, 3) Abhidamma - philosophical analysis of Buddha's teachings. Signup and view all the answers

What controversy arose at the Second Great Council regarding Buddhist practice?

The controversy was whether Buddhists should only try to gain their own enlightenment (arahats) or seek freedom from suffering for all beings (bodhisattvas). Signup and view all the answers

What did the Buddha teach regarding belief in God or the Soul?

The Buddha did not talk about God or the Soul, but told people to believe and practice only what was helpful for freedom and peace of mind. Signup and view all the answers

What were the roles of monks and lay people in the early Buddhist community?

Monks were ordained by the Buddha to follow the homeless life and practice the Dharma. Lay people provided food for the monks, while the monks taught the Dharma. Signup and view all the answers

What region is associated with the oldest form of Buddhism that has remained largely unchanged since the 3rd century B.C.?

The oldest form of Buddhism that has remained largely unchanged since the 3rd century B.C. is found in Southeast Asia. Signup and view all the answers