Hindu–German Conspiracy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What was the main goal of the Hindu–German Conspiracy?

  • To initiate a Pan-Indian rebellion against British rule (correct)
  • To negotiate peace with the British Raj
  • To create an alliance with the Ottoman Empire
  • To support British forces in World War I

    • The Ghadar Party was formed in Germany.

    False (B)

    In which year did the February mutiny attempt to occur?

    1915

    The plot to instigate a mutiny in the British Indian Army was supported by the German Foreign _____ and the German consulate in San Francisco.

    <p>Office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group primarily organized the Ghadar Mutiny?

    <p>Ghadar Party (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their descriptions:

    <p>Singapore Mutiny = Mutiny attempt in Singapore in 1915 Annie Larsen arms plot = Attempt to smuggle arms to India Jugantar–German plot = Collaboration between Jugantar and German forces Black Tom explosion = Sabotage against munitions depot in New Jersey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conspiracy was supported by both Ottoman Turkey and the Irish republican movement.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did British intelligence play in the Ghadar Mutiny?

    <p>They infiltrated the Ghadarite movement and arrested key figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who nominally led the expedition to encourage Afghanistan's independence?

    <p>Raja Mahendra Pratap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mission successfully rallied Afghanistan to support the Central Powers during World War I.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the major influences on the nationalist response in India post-World War I?

    <p>High casualty rates, inflation, heavy taxation, influenza pandemic, and disruption of trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The expedition was part of the Hindu–German Conspiracy aimed at provoking a nationalist ______ in India.

    <p>revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the individuals with their roles in the expedition:

    <p>Oskar Niedermayer = German Army officer Kazim Bey = Turkish delegate Mahendra Pratap = President of the Provisional Government of India Maulavi Barkatullah = Member of the Berlin Committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event in Afghanistan occurred as a result of the expedition's influence?

    <p>Assassination of Emir Habibullah Khan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rowlatt Committee was formed to investigate military actions taken by British forces in India.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Project was a Bolshevik effort aimed at propagating socialist revolution in Asia during this period.

    <p>Kalmyk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Lahore Resolution demanding?

    <p>Two separate sovereign states, one Muslim and one Hindu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The All-India Azad Muslim Conference supported the partition of India.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the president of the All-India Muslim League during the Lahore Resolution?

    <p>Muhammad Ali Jinnah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The All-India Muslim League used __________ and coercion to silence opposing Muslims.

    <p>intimidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following significant events with their related details:

    <p>Lahore Resolution = Demand for two independent states All-India Azad Muslim Conference = Support for united India Revolutionary movements in Bengal = Response to Partition of Bengal Intimidation tactics = Silencing opposition within Muslim communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the attendance at the All-India Azad Muslim Conference compared to the Muslim League meeting?

    <p>About five times more (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Indian revolutionary underground was inactive before the 20th century.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Lahore Resolution adopted?

    <p>1940</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Lucknow Pact formed in 1916?

    <p>To create a unified front for Indian self-rule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gandhi's approach to protests included the use of violence to achieve political goals.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Government of India Act, 1919?

    <p>To introduce diarchy and expand legislative powers in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gandhi utilized the concept of __________ to protest against discriminatory laws and practices.

    <p>satyagraha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle was established under the Government of India Act, 1919?

    <p>A dual-mode administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edwin Montagu announced that British policy aimed for increasing association of Indians in administration in 1917.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What actions did Gandhi use in his protests against unjust legislation?

    <p>Boycotting, protest marching, and fasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main community that formed the 'classic' Indian revolutionary?

    <p>Bhadralok community (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Jugantar group was primarily centered in Maharashtra.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the leaders of the Anushilan Samiti?

    <p>Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Ghosh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The assassination of the District Magistrate of Nasik, A.M.T. __________, was carried out by Anant Kanhere.

    <p>Jackson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following revolutionary groups with their location:

    <p>Anushilan Samiti = Bengal Jugantar group = Calcutta India House = London Dhaka Anushilan Samiti = Dhaka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following philosophies influenced the Anushilan Samiti?

    <p>Hindu Shakta philosophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were executed for their involvement in a peaceful protest.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one incident of revolutionary terrorism associated with the Anushilan Samiti.

    <p>Assassination of Raj officials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was linked to Nicholas Safranski and involved in obtaining manuals for bomb manufacturing?

    <p>India House (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ghadar Party was primarily focused on promoting non-violent methods of resistance.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was charged with abetting the murder of A.M.T.Jackson during his trial?

    <p>V.D. Savarkar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ movement began to absorb various revolutionary groups in India.

    <p>Gandhian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of literature was distributed by India House?

    <p>Seditious literature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals or groups with their described roles:

    <p>Madame Bhikaji Rustom Cama = Links to Russian revolutionaries V.D. Savarkar = Publisher of Bande Mataram Madanlal Dhingra = Assassinated William Hutt Curzon Wyllie Rash Behari Bose = Leader of the Ghadar Party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The attempted assassination of the Viceroy of India took place in the year __________.

    <p>1912</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bengal Samiti maintained its philosophy of violence throughout the 1920s.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Hindu–German Conspiracy

    A series of plans between 1914 and 1917, involving Indian nationalists and German groups, aiming for a Pan-Indian rebellion against British rule during World War I.

    Ghadar Party

    An Indian nationalist group based in the United States that participated in the Hindu-German Conspiracy.

    Indian independence committee

    A group of exiled or self-exiled Indian nationalists in Germany involved in the Hindu-German Conspiracy.

    Ghadar Mutiny

    A planned pan-Indian mutiny in the British Indian Army in February 1915, aimed at ending British rule.

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    February 1915 Mutiny

    A planned mutiny within the Indian army in February 1915, part of the larger Hindu-German Conspiracy.

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    British intelligence infiltration

    British intelligence successfully infiltrated the Ghadarite movement, leading to the arrest of key figures and halting the mutiny.

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    Pan-Indian rebellion

    A coordinated rebellion across the entire Indian subcontinent against British rule.

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    World War I

    A global war that occurred between 1914 and 1918.

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    Mahendra Pratap

    An exiled Indian prince who led the Hindu-German Conspiracy's mission to Afghanistan, hoping to gain their support against Britain.

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    Objective of the Expedition

    The mission's goal was to convince Afghanistan to declare independence from Britain, join the Central Powers in World War I, and attack British India.

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    British Response

    Britain saw the expedition as a serious threat and tried to stop it in Persia, used intelligence and diplomacy to keep Afghanistan neutral, and even involved the King in efforts to counter the conspiracy.

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    Consequences of the Mission

    The mission failed in its main objective, but it triggered reforms in Afghanistan, political turmoil leading to the Emir's assassination, and contributed to Russia's plan to spread revolution in Asia.

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    Rowlatt Committee

    A British committee formed to investigate sedition in India, prompted by concerns about German and Bolshevik influence on the Indian independence movement.

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    Nationalist Response to War

    High casualties, inflation, pandemic, and trade disruptions during World War I created a large amount of suffering in India, contributing to the rise of nationalist sentiments.

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    Influence on Raj's Approach

    The Hindu-German conspiracy and its aftermath forced the British Raj to change its approach towards the Indian independence movement, becoming more cautious and taking steps to counter nationalist sentiment.

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    Lahore Resolution

    A resolution passed by the All-India Muslim League in 1940 demanding the division of India into two separate sovereign states, one Muslim (Pakistan) and the other Hindu.

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    Two Nation Theory

    The idea that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations, each with its own national identity and aspirations, justifying the creation of separate states.

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    All-India Azad Muslim Conference

    A group opposed to the Muslim League's call for partition, advocating for a united India.

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    Intimidation and Coercion

    Methods used by the Muslim League to suppress opposition to the partition of India.

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    Murder of Allah Bakhsh Soomro

    The assassination of a leader of the All-India Azad Muslim Conference, weakening its opposition to the Muslim League.

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    Indian Revolutionary Underground

    Secret organizations formed in the early 20th century to fight against British rule in India.

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    Partition of Bengal (1905)

    A significant event that sparked nationalist sentiment and contributed to the rise of revolutionary movements.

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    Revolutionary Movements in Punjab (post-1907)

    The emergence of revolutionary groups in Punjab, particularly after 1907, aimed at challenging British control.

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    Lucknow Pact

    A temporary alliance formed in 1916 between the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League, aiming for greater self-government and addressing Muslim concerns in India.

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    Carrot and Stick Approach

    A strategy used by the British government in India, offering concessions (the 'carrot') like increased Indian participation in government in exchange for support and loyalty (avoiding the 'stick' of potential unrest).

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    Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

    Promised 'increasing association' of Indians in government and 'progressive realization of responsible government' in India, aiming for gradual self-rule within the British Empire.

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    Diarchy

    A dual-mode of government introduced in the Government of India Act 1919 where both elected Indian legislators and appointed British officials shared power in provincial administration.

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    Transferred Portfolios

    Non-controversial areas of governance like education, health, and public works, which were handed over to Indian control under the 'diarchy' system.

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    Satyagraha

    A philosophy and method of non-violent resistance developed by Mahatma Gandhi, aiming to achieve political or social change through civil disobedience and truth-seeking.

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    Rowlatt Acts

    Suppressive legislation passed by the British government in India in 1919, allowing for arbitrary arrests and detention without trial, which sparked widespread protests and intensified the nationalist movement.

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    Gandhi's Return to India

    Gandhi, a prominent leader of the Indian nationalist movement in South Africa, returned to India in 1915, bringing his experience with Satyagraha and his leadership skills to the growing movement for independence.

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    Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Rajguru

    Three influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement known for their radical actions and martyrdom.

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    Anushilan Samiti

    A revolutionary organization formed in Bengal in 1902, which aimed to overthrow British rule through acts of violence.

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    Aurobindo Ghosh

    A prominent leader of the Anushilan Samiti, influenced by various philosophies like Hindu Shakta philosophy and Italian nationalism.

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    Revolutionary Terrorism in Bengal

    The Anushilan Samiti participated in acts of violence like assassinations of British officials in Bengal during its early years.

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    Maharashtra and Punjab's Nationalist Sentiments

    Similar to Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab witnessed the rise of militant nationalist feelings during the early 20th century.

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    India House (London)

    A center for Indian nationalists in London, under the leadership of Shyamji Krishna Verma, which became known for its advocacy of violence.

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    Indian Society (Paris)

    An organization of Indian expatriates in Paris, known for supporting violent methods to achieve Indian independence.

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    Influence of Western Ideologies

    Indian revolutionaries were influenced by various ideas from the West, including Italian nationalism and Pan-Asianism.

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    India House

    A center for Indian nationalists in London, providing resources, propaganda, and fostering revolutionary activities.

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    Seditious Conspiracy

    A plan to incite rebellion in India during World War I, involving Indian nationalists and foreign powers.

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    Gandhi's Influence

    The rise of Gandhian non-violence gradually absorbed and influenced other revolutionary groups.

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    Bengal Samiti's Transformation

    The Bengal Samiti, initially focused on violence, shifted its stance towards non-violent methods in the 1920s.

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    Abetting the Murder

    Helping or encouraging someone to commit a crime.

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    Arms Tracing

    Tracing the origins and movement of weapons used in crimes.

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    Study Notes

    Indian Independence Movement

    • The Indian Independence Movement aimed to end British colonial rule in South Asia.
    • The movement lasted until 1947.
    • It began in Bengal and grew into the Indian National Congress.
    • Early leaders sought the right to appear for the Indian Civil Service, as well as better economic rights.
    • The 1920s saw a more radical approach to self-rule, led by Mahatma Gandhi.
    • Gandhi advocated non-violence and civil disobedience.
    • Key followers of Gandhi's ideology included Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel, and others.
    • Intellectuals such as Rabindranath Tagore raised awareness.
    • Women like Sarojini Naidu and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit also played crucial roles.
    • A key event was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which led to some favoring a more violent approach.
    • The Rowlatt Act allowed for indefinite detentions, triggering protests in the Punjab Province.
    • The movement evolved ideologically, becoming anti-colonial, with ideals of secularism, democracy, and civil liberty.
    • The 1930s saw the movement taking on a socialist orientation.
    • The 1947 Indian Independence Act parted British India into the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan.
    • India became a Republic on January 26, 1950.
    • East Pakistan became independent Bangladesh in 1971.

    Background

    • The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India via the Atlantic Ocean.
    • Vasco da Gama reached Calicut in 1498.
    • The Dutch and English established trading outposts in India.
    • The English East India Company gained significant influence in Indian politics.
    • The Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764 led to the Company gaining a major role in Indian affairs.
    • The Company extended its power over much of India.

    Early Independence Movements

    • Early resistance included figures like Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone and Maruthanayagam Pillai.
    • These movements aimed to combat British influence in Tamil Nadu.
    • Other uprisings occurred across various regions.
    • Leaders like Binsu Manki, Tilka Manjhi, and Birsa Munda, led rebellions in Eastern India.
    • The Santhal Hul was a mass movement of over 60,000 Santhals in the 1850s and 1857.
    • Birsa Munda led a millenarian movement.
    • Queen Rani Velu Nachiyar fought against the British.
    • Veera Pandiya Kattabomman was a Polygar and chieftain who resisted the East India Company.
    • Dheeran Chinnamalai also resisted the East India Company.
    • The Paik Rebellion was an uprising against the East India Company in Odisha.
    • Mangal Pandey was an important figure in the lead up to the 1857 rebellion.
    • The Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in northern and central India.
    • The rebellion was largely triggered by the issues of service conditions for Sepoys, religious policies, and racial bias.
    • The Sepoy Mutiny sparked widespread civil revolts throughout the rest of the country.
    • Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi was a key leader during this uprising.
    • Tatya Tope also fought against the East India Company.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the Hindu–German Conspiracy and the Ghadar Party's role in Indian nationalism during World War I. This quiz covers key events, important figures, and the conspiracy's objectives. Challenge yourself and discover your understanding of this crucial chapter in history.

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