12 Questions
Which language family does Hindi belong to?
Indo-Aryan
When was the term 'Hindi' first used in English?
During the British colonial period
Who standardized the Hindi language in the late 19th century?
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
Which script was used for writing Hindi before the Persian script became popular?
Devanagari
How many major languages are ranked above Hindi in terms of speakers worldwide?
None
What is the status of Hindi as per the Constitution of India?
'One of the official languages'
What was the first attempt made in 1875 by the Nagri Pracharini Sabha?
Developing a new script based on the Devanagari script
What is a primary script used for Hindi, as mentioned in the text?
Devanagari script
Which languages does Hindi share similarities with according to the text?
English, French, German
What distinguishes Hindi from Urdu as mentioned in the text?
Hindi uses more Sanskrit words while Urdu uses Arabic and Persian words
Which scripts are primarily used for Hindi and Urdu respectively according to the text?
Devanagari for Hindi, Arabic for Urdu
What role does mutual intelligibility play in the relationship between Hindi and Urdu?
Despite differences, mutual intelligibility exists between Hindi and Urdu
Study Notes
Hindi
Hindi is one of the most widely spoken languages in India and ranks fourth among the world's major languages, with over 500 million speakers. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan family of languages, which also includes Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu, Marathi, Gujarati, Assamese, Oriya, Maithili, Konkani, Nepali, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Sindhi, and others. Despite being a regional language, it has been recognized by the Constitution of India as one of its official languages.
Origin and History
The origin of Hindi can be traced back to ancient times when the Vedic Aryans entered the Indian subcontinent around 1500 BC. Over time, the language evolved due to contact with other linguistic communities in the region, resulting in various regional dialects. The term "Hindi" was first used in English during the British colonial period and referred to the standardized version of Braj Bhasha from Agra. However, the standardization process took place in the late 19th century through the efforts of scholars such as Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi.
Script
For centuries, Hindi was written using the Sharda script, which is derived from Brahmic scripts like Gurumukhi, Devanagari, and Grantha. In the early 19th century, the Persian script called "Shikast" became popular due to contacts between North Indians and Persians. However, the Persian script had several drawbacks, including its lack of adequacy for writing all Indian sounds. As a result, in 1875, the Nagri Pracharini Sabha made the first attempt to develop a new script based on the Devanagari script. This effort eventually led to the standardization of the Devnagari script as the primary script for Hindi, although it is sometimes supplemented by the Shikasta script for certain purposes.
Comparison with Other Languages
While many people mistakenly believe that Hindi is essentially the same as Urdu, there are significant differences between them. Although both languages share a common vocabulary and grammar, they have different roots and the pronunciation of some letters differs. Urdu uses Arabic and Persian words, while Hindi uses more Sanskrit words. However, these distinctions do not prevent mutual intelligibility between the two languages. Moreover, Hindi shares similarities with other Indo-European languages, such as English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Dutch, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Turkish, Greek, Bulgarian, Albanian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene, and Baltic languages.
In conclusion, Hindi is a widely spoken language in the Indian subcontinent with a rich history and diverse script. Its evolution and recognition as an official language reflect its central role in Indian culture and society.
Explore the origin, history, script, and comparison with other languages of Hindi, one of the major languages in India. Learn about its evolution from ancient times, standardization process, and unique characteristics in relation to Urdu and other Indo-European languages.
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