Középkori irodalom

Himnusz

• Already present in the 11th century (Szapphó)
• Knightly signs appear
• Biblical influence - analogous to Psalms
• Speaks in the name of the community
• Sung verses - joyful songs
• Sung at church ceremonies
• Expresses feelings

A Himnusz (Stabat Mater) About a Sorrowful Mother

• Jacopone Da Todi.
• Topic: Passion
• Focus: Mary's figure
• It is a Mary hymn - Mary cult in the 11th century

Szerkezet (Structure)

• Biblical scene is described (Cross, image of pain, Christ)
• Recalls a single scene of the Passion (prelude, procession)
• Centered around Mary, her agony, Suffering
• Written in 1st/3rd person, as an outsider
• Speaks in 1st/8th person - the speaker
• From 5th line to the end, is full of summoning verbs
• Goal is to reach Heaven, or to allow the audience to reach Heaven through Mary's intercession

Poetika (Poetics)

• Artistic tools:
• Extensive use of repetition, which gives rhythm
• Urges the community to take on, share the suffering; to be able to reach Christ through Mary
• Richness of word choices
• Figure of etymological repetition (Virgin of Virgins)
• Metaphor
• Iteration (share my afflictions)
• Alliteration
• Reflects the source of heavenly love
• Represents the 27 palms of Paradise

NAP Himnusz (Sun Hymn)

• Assisi Szent Ferenc (St. Francis of Assisi) was born in Assisi
• He died in the Crusades
• Founded his own order
• Wanted to restore the original evangelical order from the Ferences Rend (Franciscan Order)
• Carried out missionary work, settled in cities, helped the needy
• Written in Italian (Renaissance encourages the vernacular)
• 12-13th century work
• 1st death - death of the body
• 11th death - 7 souls falling into hell
• Speaks to God, praises God, turns to God
• It is a hymn
• Based on the altar purification
• Connects God to elements of nature (also connects beauty to God)
• Addresses elements of nature as if they were family members
• Imagery is uniquely evocative (rich metaphors)
• Harmonious, harmonious world is found in it and God's inner being is present
• Existence of God is referenced (so bright, to what end…)
• Image of death - he names bodily death a flowering plant

Möhöi Eszközk (More Tools)

• Harmonious, harmonic world
• Biblical Foundation
• Sole rhythm
• Personifications
• Accumulations, repeated exclamations

Ómagyar Mária-siralom (Old Hungarian Lament of Mary)

• Szekvencia (Sequence)
• Recited during burial ceremonies
• Followed afterward
• Speaks of Blessed Mary, the Virgin Mary, during the cult of the Virgin Mary
• Was spoken in Latin
• Most archaic work and the second Hungarian text
• Poem/Song of Mary's Lament
• Son: is being mourned
• Speaker: E/1
• Biblical scene Passion, the community-built
• "Is not as strictly according to the rules" -> primitive (first) Hungarian work
• Medieval rhymes (rhythms).
• Poetic tools and elements
• Alliteration, Worlds are world etc. (repeated)
• Simile
• Cumulation
• Call

HALÁNTANCE (HALANTANCE)

• Halál mindenkit egyformán elragad, Laura hov haláltánc - képzőművészet is használja -hollós alak/nemegéivel
• a death for everyone and one •DJajh, hogy eltűnt minden... (Oh, how everything has disappeared…)
• Carl Orff
• A farewell from life, a gesture (from youth, too)
• Antithesis.
• Past-present
• False mortality
• Parallel contrasting: past vs now.
• Filled with sorrowful lament
• Recalls past youth with longing

Világi Változat (Secular Variations)

• Begins with emotional repetition always (oh sigh…)
• Poetic form: Nibelung stanza, Alexandrian stanza

Holtköltészet (Holtköltészet)

• There are breaks in the middle between sections, which indicates the pause - Radnóti also uses it later “Enforced March”

Vágáns Költészet (Vágáns Poetry)

• Secular literature, not knightly or courtly
• Who were they?
• vagrant scholars, loungers.
• not expelled, not homeless.
• itinerant deacon, runaway seminarians, outsiders
• They toured the cities of Europe, various locations, from Haarlem to Kashmir
• They thought radically of everything
• They formulate intense critiques of every thing - neither holy or holy, e.g. the clergy, religion, knighthood
• They sought earthly and worldly beauty, presence, and bliss
• This way of thinking is atypical for the Middle Ages
• Unruly poets

Carmina Burana-

• Most popular collection of verses/songs
• From 13th century 1230/1239
• Made up of more than 200 verses (mostly in Latin)
• Unruly artists
• Subjective point of view - verses share a common vibe
• joyful mood/drinking song/love song, and there are sermons/about holiness - VII/world, religious depravity

Középkor (Middle ages, Medieval times)

• Középkor: utólagos elnevezés - retrospectively called
• elnevezés reneszánsz korszak előtt - refers to the era up to the renaissance
• ókor és reneszánsz közéeső korszak time between ancient times and the renaissance
• sötét középkor jellemző leértékelő viszony - this "dark ages" had features that downplayed relationships

Iskolasztika (Scholasticism)

• úllasok újnépek (new nations) újvallás kereszténység fellépése (the emergence of new religions and Christianity) újnépvándon-lások (the migration of new peoples) Jeudalis államon - feudal states jhodalmi szempoiki korszakolás. The feudal system's viewpoints' eras"
• keresztény jhodalom - The Christian feudal system
• közé phontörténetikai határa; The median points középho - világképe: The median worlds view alapja-based terme's-earth old alt testi and gyi odel (the original physical side and) lolki=szelleri sideall (the psychic side). Középho-világképe- The medieval Times images

Emberkép (Human image)

• lelhi oldalt teszi elótérbe --testhátra fatele (the psychic side puts in before stage's body) allandóön-onhét valóság (constant allandó ~ön~ onhétvalóság) (always self-real)
• aszhetis elet nodi ideal->tesst Sanyargatasa (as they get to go through something) loth és ludás viszonyu:: Hit - The beliefs and knowledge's Elótérben a hit The forefront the beliefs

Müfanok (Artworks)

Egyi házi és Világi - church and worlds vallomás: Confessions""

• Legeria - The Legends Prádikáció ~ The Homilies Liva - Hymn Drama miraldon (miracles) shakespear

Szt Ágoston (Saint Augustine)

• Filosofia (philosophy): Szent Agoston - Saint Agoston Tand's gy
• szent élete (Holy life) Iesd és hosszaközött (readily found )