Highway Planning and Classification
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Highway Planning and Classification

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary objective of highway planning?

  • To ensure all roads are built as expressways
  • To facilitate safe, efficient, and fast movement of people and goods (correct)
  • To minimize the number of vehicles on the road
  • To increase traffic congestion

    • Which type of highway connects important towns and cities within a state?

  • National Highways
  • Expressways
  • State Highways (correct)
  • Village Roads

    • What is a characteristic of Major District Roads?

  • They are one lane wide with poor surface finishing
  • They connect areas of production and market to National Highways (correct)
  • They must be at least four lanes wide
  • They are only used for local traffic

    • What type of road is primarily for village use?

    <p>Village Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What minimum width should National Highways be?

    <p>Two lanes wide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which road classification is of a higher class than National Highways?

    <p>Expressways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do local district boards play in relation to Village Roads?

    <p>Construction and maintenance of Village Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road is specifically designed for fast-moving vehicles and features grade separation at intersections?

    <p>Expressways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of arterial highways?

    <p>High mobility and low access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes urban roads from rural roads?

    <p>Population density and land use characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional classification would have high access but low mobility?

    <p>Local</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of system primarily serves the major activity centers of urban areas?

    <p>Urban Principal Arterial System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are highways generally classified?

    <p>By jurisdictional management and service purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about accessibility and mobility is true?

    <p>Mobility relates to continuous travel, while accessibility refers to direct access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which highway class is characterized by moderate speed and trip lengths?

    <p>Collector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically influences travel patterns in urban and rural areas?

    <p>Population density and land use characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of urban collector streets?

    <p>To collect traffic from local streets and convey it to the arterial system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which street system discourages through traffic?

    <p>Urban local street system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the spacing of minor arterial streets in developed areas?

    <p>Usually not less than 1 mile apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of freeways within the rural principal arterial system?

    <p>They are divided highways with controlled access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of roads make up the rural collector system?

    <p>Both major and minor collector roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rural minor arterial roads primarily function?

    <p>To connect cities and large towns with fewer interruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the rural major collector system?

    <p>To carry traffic primarily to and from county seats and large cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the rural principal arterial system from other systems?

    <p>It handles a majority of interstate and intrastate trips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of minor collector roads in rural areas?

    <p>To link rural hinterland with important traffic generators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the rural local road system?

    <p>All roads not classified within any other systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What urban road pattern is characterized by roads that emanate from a central focal area?

    <p>Radial Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pattern is considered the simplest and includes straight lines and rectangular coordinates?

    <p>Grid Iron Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are roads in the radial pattern primarily intended to alleviate?

    <p>Traffic congestion in the central area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which urban pattern does each hexagon share at least one side with an adjacent hexagon?

    <p>Hexagonal Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which urban road pattern can be modified by dividing the hexagon into triangle units?

    <p>Hexagonal Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the choice of road patterns in urban highway planning?

    <p>Land use and distribution of areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Highway Planning and Classification

    • Highway planning, like all engineering projects, needs development planning. Planning highways is done to achieve specific goals.

    Highway Planning Objectives

    • Plan a highway network for safe, efficient, and fast movement of people and goods.
    • Minimize the overall cost of construction and maintenance of roads.
    • Plan for future development and anticipated traffic needs over a specific period.
    • Phase road development based on utility, importance, and financial resources.
    • Develop a financing system compatible with cost and benefits.

    Road Classification Factors

    • Materials: Earthen, gravel, murrum, kankar, WBM (Water Bound Macadam), bituminous, and concrete roads.
    • Location & Function: National highways, state highways, district roads (major and other), village roads, expressways.
    • Traffic Volume: Light, medium, high traffic.
    • Economy: Low, medium, high cost roads.
    • Traffic Type: Pedestrian ways, cycle tracks, motorways.
    • Rigidity: Flexible, rigid roads.
    • Topography: Plain area, hilly area roads.

    Road Classification Based on Location and Function

    • National Highways: Connect national capitals, state capitals, and major port towns. Should be at least two lanes wide with high-class surface finishing.
    • State Highways: Connect important towns and cities within a state. Should be two lanes wide, with wide shoulders and good surface finishing.
    • District Roads (Major): Connect production and market areas to state or national highways. At least one lane wide with modern surface finishing.
    • District Roads (Other): Lower specifications than major district and state highways. Must have proper drainage.
    • Village Roads: Used for village travel. Stabilized earth surfaces are common, but metal surfaces are preferable for more useful purposes, and local district boards are responsible for construction and maintenance.
    • Expressways: High-class roads for fast-moving vehicles, controlled access and grade separation are key features

    Highway Classification by Function

    • Mobility: Continuous travel.
    • Accessibility: Direct access to abutting property. Some roads serve one or both of these roles.

    Highway Classification

    • Classified based on the function they serve (functional classification) or the responsible entity (jurisdictional classification).

    Highway Classes (Urban/Rural)

    • Urban roads comprise highway facilities within urban areas with at least 5000 people.
    • Rural areas have different characteristics regarding land use and population density that impact travel patterns.

    Functional Classification of Highways

    • Urban (principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, local street).
    • Rural (principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, major collector, minor collector, local road).

    Major Highway Classes

    • Arterial: High mobility, low access, long trips.
    • Collector: Moderate mobility, moderate access, moderate trip lengths.
    • Local: Moderate speed, low mobility, high access, short trips.

    Road Patterns in Urban Areas

    • Grid Iron: Rectangular or block pattern, easy to set out in straight lines, suitable for flat terrain (also known as rectangular/block pattern).
    • Radial: Roads emanate from a central focal area, possibly a business center or a public building. Ring roads can be used for traffic relief.
    • Hexagonal: Basic figure is a hexagon, can be modified into triangles, facilitates minimal travel time.

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    Related Documents

    Highway Planning and Classification Lecture 3 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of highway planning and classification. It includes objectives for developing a highway network, factors influencing road classification, and various types of road construction materials. Test your knowledge on how highways are planned for efficiency and future development.

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