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Questions and Answers
What is one primary objective of highway planning?
What is one primary objective of highway planning?
Which type of highway connects important towns and cities within a state?
Which type of highway connects important towns and cities within a state?
What is a characteristic of Major District Roads?
What is a characteristic of Major District Roads?
What type of road is primarily for village use?
What type of road is primarily for village use?
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What minimum width should National Highways be?
What minimum width should National Highways be?
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Which road classification is of a higher class than National Highways?
Which road classification is of a higher class than National Highways?
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What role do local district boards play in relation to Village Roads?
What role do local district boards play in relation to Village Roads?
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Which type of road is specifically designed for fast-moving vehicles and features grade separation at intersections?
Which type of road is specifically designed for fast-moving vehicles and features grade separation at intersections?
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What is the primary characteristic of arterial highways?
What is the primary characteristic of arterial highways?
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What distinguishes urban roads from rural roads?
What distinguishes urban roads from rural roads?
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Which functional classification would have high access but low mobility?
Which functional classification would have high access but low mobility?
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What type of system primarily serves the major activity centers of urban areas?
What type of system primarily serves the major activity centers of urban areas?
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How are highways generally classified?
How are highways generally classified?
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Which of these statements about accessibility and mobility is true?
Which of these statements about accessibility and mobility is true?
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Which highway class is characterized by moderate speed and trip lengths?
Which highway class is characterized by moderate speed and trip lengths?
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What typically influences travel patterns in urban and rural areas?
What typically influences travel patterns in urban and rural areas?
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What is the primary purpose of urban collector streets?
What is the primary purpose of urban collector streets?
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Which street system discourages through traffic?
Which street system discourages through traffic?
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What characterizes the spacing of minor arterial streets in developed areas?
What characterizes the spacing of minor arterial streets in developed areas?
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What is a key feature of freeways within the rural principal arterial system?
What is a key feature of freeways within the rural principal arterial system?
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What type of roads make up the rural collector system?
What type of roads make up the rural collector system?
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How do rural minor arterial roads primarily function?
How do rural minor arterial roads primarily function?
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What is the main purpose of the rural major collector system?
What is the main purpose of the rural major collector system?
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What distinguishes the rural principal arterial system from other systems?
What distinguishes the rural principal arterial system from other systems?
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What is one of the primary functions of minor collector roads in rural areas?
What is one of the primary functions of minor collector roads in rural areas?
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Which of the following describes the rural local road system?
Which of the following describes the rural local road system?
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What urban road pattern is characterized by roads that emanate from a central focal area?
What urban road pattern is characterized by roads that emanate from a central focal area?
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Which pattern is considered the simplest and includes straight lines and rectangular coordinates?
Which pattern is considered the simplest and includes straight lines and rectangular coordinates?
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What are roads in the radial pattern primarily intended to alleviate?
What are roads in the radial pattern primarily intended to alleviate?
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In which urban pattern does each hexagon share at least one side with an adjacent hexagon?
In which urban pattern does each hexagon share at least one side with an adjacent hexagon?
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Which urban road pattern can be modified by dividing the hexagon into triangle units?
Which urban road pattern can be modified by dividing the hexagon into triangle units?
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What determines the choice of road patterns in urban highway planning?
What determines the choice of road patterns in urban highway planning?
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Study Notes
Highway Planning and Classification
- Highway planning, like all engineering projects, needs development planning. Planning highways is done to achieve specific goals.
Highway Planning Objectives
- Plan a highway network for safe, efficient, and fast movement of people and goods.
- Minimize the overall cost of construction and maintenance of roads.
- Plan for future development and anticipated traffic needs over a specific period.
- Phase road development based on utility, importance, and financial resources.
- Develop a financing system compatible with cost and benefits.
Road Classification Factors
- Materials: Earthen, gravel, murrum, kankar, WBM (Water Bound Macadam), bituminous, and concrete roads.
- Location & Function: National highways, state highways, district roads (major and other), village roads, expressways.
- Traffic Volume: Light, medium, high traffic.
- Economy: Low, medium, high cost roads.
- Traffic Type: Pedestrian ways, cycle tracks, motorways.
- Rigidity: Flexible, rigid roads.
- Topography: Plain area, hilly area roads.
Road Classification Based on Location and Function
- National Highways: Connect national capitals, state capitals, and major port towns. Should be at least two lanes wide with high-class surface finishing.
- State Highways: Connect important towns and cities within a state. Should be two lanes wide, with wide shoulders and good surface finishing.
- District Roads (Major): Connect production and market areas to state or national highways. At least one lane wide with modern surface finishing.
- District Roads (Other): Lower specifications than major district and state highways. Must have proper drainage.
- Village Roads: Used for village travel. Stabilized earth surfaces are common, but metal surfaces are preferable for more useful purposes, and local district boards are responsible for construction and maintenance.
- Expressways: High-class roads for fast-moving vehicles, controlled access and grade separation are key features
Highway Classification by Function
- Mobility: Continuous travel.
- Accessibility: Direct access to abutting property. Some roads serve one or both of these roles.
Highway Classification
- Classified based on the function they serve (functional classification) or the responsible entity (jurisdictional classification).
Highway Classes (Urban/Rural)
- Urban roads comprise highway facilities within urban areas with at least 5000 people.
- Rural areas have different characteristics regarding land use and population density that impact travel patterns.
Functional Classification of Highways
- Urban (principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, local street).
- Rural (principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, major collector, minor collector, local road).
Major Highway Classes
- Arterial: High mobility, low access, long trips.
- Collector: Moderate mobility, moderate access, moderate trip lengths.
- Local: Moderate speed, low mobility, high access, short trips.
Road Patterns in Urban Areas
- Grid Iron: Rectangular or block pattern, easy to set out in straight lines, suitable for flat terrain (also known as rectangular/block pattern).
- Radial: Roads emanate from a central focal area, possibly a business center or a public building. Ring roads can be used for traffic relief.
- Hexagonal: Basic figure is a hexagon, can be modified into triangles, facilitates minimal travel time.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of highway planning and classification. It includes objectives for developing a highway network, factors influencing road classification, and various types of road construction materials. Test your knowledge on how highways are planned for efficiency and future development.
