Higher Secondary Chemistry Curriculum Overview

The mass of an atom, typically expressed in atomic mass units (amu).

A mole is the amount of a substance containing as many elementary entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of 12C.

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

The arrangement of electrons in the energy levels and sublevels of an atom.

A tabular arrangement of elements ordered by atomic number and recurring chemical properties.

A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Set of numbers describing the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons in them.

A specified region of the universe, where the rest is called surroundings, that is the focus of study in thermodynamics.

Energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

A property of a system that only depends on the current state of the system, not the way it got there

A numerical value that represents the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium for a chemical reaction.

If a stress is applied to a system in equilibrium, the system shifts in a way that relieves the stress.

A process that involves the loss of electrons and an increase in oxidation number.

A chemical reaction involving both oxidation and reduction.

A type of covalent bond breaking in which each atom in the bond gets one electron from the bonding pair; the result are two radicals.

A laboratory technique used to find the temperature at which a solid substance changes to a liquid state.

A lab technique finding the temp where a liquid changes to a gas.

Purification technique for solid substances based on their different solubilities in a solvent.

Measuring the acidity or basicity of a solution using pH paper or a universal indicator.

A dynamic state in a reversible reaction in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

Measuring the amount of a substance in a solution, often using titration.

Identifying the presence or absence of specific ions or elements in a sample.

A lab technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, or vice-versa.

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds.

The power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law.

Elements in the periodic table with partially filled d-orbitals.

Compounds with a central metal atom or ion bonded to a group of surrounding molecules or ions.

Molecules or ions surrounding the central metal atom/ion in a coordination compound.

The gradual decrease in the size of atoms of lanthanoid elements across the series.

The heat change associated with the formation of hydrogen bonds between acetone and chloroform molecules.

The change in voltage of an electrochemical cell when the concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) is altered at a constant temperature.

The ratio of the distance traveled by a substance to the distance traveled by the solvent front in chromatography.

The synthesis of a compound containing two cations and one anion, such as Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum.

Chemical tests used to identify the presence of specific functional groups in organic molecules.

Determining the concentration of a potassium permanganate solution by reacting it with a known amount of oxalic acid or ferrous ammonium sulphate.

Investigating the properties of soybean milk, including curd formation and its response to temperature, compared to natural milk.

The building blocks of proteins, containing an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). They link together to form long chains called polypeptides.

The special type of covalent bond that connects amino acids in a polypeptide. It's formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing water.

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It's like a string of pearls, with each pearl being an amino acid.

A large, complex molecule made up of one or more polypeptide chains, folded into a specific 3D shape. Proteins play crucial roles in almost all biological processes.

The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. It's like the order of letters in a word.

The local 3D folding of a polypeptide chain, usually into alpha helices or beta sheets. It's like folding a paper into shapes.

The overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide chain, resulting from interactions between side chains of amino acids. It's like giving a 3D shape to the folded paper.

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein, forming a complex with a specific 3D shape. It's like putting together multiple folded papers to create a bigger model.