Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following factors should be considered when designing a practical route to produce a marketable product?
Which of the following factors should be considered when designing a practical route to produce a marketable product?
- Availability and cost of feedstocks
- Sustainability of feedstocks
- Size of yield
- All of the above (correct)
A chemical reaction with a high percentage yield will always have a high atom economy.
A chemical reaction with a high percentage yield will always have a high atom economy.
False (B)
Define the term 'limiting reactant'.
Define the term 'limiting reactant'.
The reactant that controls the amount of product formed in a reaction because it is completely used up.
For a collision to be successful, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the ______ energy and with the correct collision geometry.
For a collision to be successful, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the ______ energy and with the correct collision geometry.
Increasing the temperature of a reaction increases the reaction rate because:
Increasing the temperature of a reaction increases the reaction rate because:
Match the following methods with what they measure/detect:
Match the following methods with what they measure/detect:
Which statement best describes an exothermic reaction?
Which statement best describes an exothermic reaction?
Which of the following is a limitation of using a simple calorimeter (e.g. a glass beaker) for measuring enthalpy changes?
Which of the following is a limitation of using a simple calorimeter (e.g. a glass beaker) for measuring enthalpy changes?
Hess's Law states that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction depends on the specific pathway taken between reactants and products.
Hess's Law states that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction depends on the specific pathway taken between reactants and products.
In paper chromatography, what is the mobile phase?
In paper chromatography, what is the mobile phase?
Consider the conversion of butane (C₄H₁₀) into methane (CH₄) and propene (C₃H₆). If the reaction yields less than the calculated theoretical yield, which of the following is the MOST likely reason?
Consider the conversion of butane (C₄H₁₀) into methane (CH₄) and propene (C₃H₆). If the reaction yields less than the calculated theoretical yield, which of the following is the MOST likely reason?
Butane (C₄H₁₀) is converted into methane (CH₄) and propene (C₃H₆). Which statement accurately describes the relationship between percentage yield and atom economy in this process?
Butane (C₄H₁₀) is converted into methane (CH₄) and propene (C₃H₆). Which statement accurately describes the relationship between percentage yield and atom economy in this process?
Consider the combustion of propane (C₃H₈) with oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). If 100 cm³ of propane reacts with 600 cm³ of oxygen, calculate the remaining volume of gas, assuming the reaction goes to completion and all volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Consider the combustion of propane (C₃H₈) with oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). If 100 cm³ of propane reacts with 600 cm³ of oxygen, calculate the remaining volume of gas, assuming the reaction goes to completion and all volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
For the reversible reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) with ΔH = -395.7 kJ mol⁻¹, how will increasing the pressure affect the equilibrium position?
For the reversible reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) with ΔH = -395.7 kJ mol⁻¹, how will increasing the pressure affect the equilibrium position?
Consider the reversible reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g). What is the effect of adding a platinum catalyst to this equilibrium?
Consider the reversible reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g). What is the effect of adding a platinum catalyst to this equilibrium?
For the exothermic reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) (ΔH = -395.7 kJ mol⁻¹), how does increasing the temperature affect the position of the equilibrium?
For the exothermic reaction 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) (ΔH = -395.7 kJ mol⁻¹), how does increasing the temperature affect the position of the equilibrium?
For the industrial production of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) from sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and oxygen (O₂), what combination of conditions would maximize the yield of SO₃?
For the industrial production of sulfur trioxide (SO₃) from sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and oxygen (O₂), what combination of conditions would maximize the yield of SO₃?
Given the bond enthalpies for the addition reaction of HBr to ethene (C₂H₄), which bonds are broken during the reaction?
Given the bond enthalpies for the addition reaction of HBr to ethene (C₂H₄), which bonds are broken during the reaction?
Consider a reaction pathway diagram where ΔHₓ = -219 kJ/mol and ΔH₁ = -90 kJ/mol. Using Hess's Law, what is the value of ΔH₂ for the alternative pathway?
Consider a reaction pathway diagram where ΔHₓ = -219 kJ/mol and ΔH₁ = -90 kJ/mol. Using Hess's Law, what is the value of ΔH₂ for the alternative pathway?
In the redox reaction: Cr(OH)₃ → CrO₄²⁻ + 3e⁻ and Br₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Br⁻, which reactant acts as the oxidizing agent and why?
In the redox reaction: Cr(OH)₃ → CrO₄²⁻ + 3e⁻ and Br₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Br⁻, which reactant acts as the oxidizing agent and why?
Flashcards
What are Feedstocks?
What are Feedstocks?
Reactants needed to produce a product for market.
What is the Mole Ratio?
What is the Mole Ratio?
The ratio between moles of reactants and products in a balanced equation.
What is Molar Volume?
What is Molar Volume?
Volume occupied by one mole of any gas at the same temperature and pressure.
What is Percentage Yield?
What is Percentage Yield?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Atom Economy?
What is Atom Economy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Successful Collision needs?
Successful Collision needs?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Exothermic?
What is Exothermic?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Chromatography?
What is Chromatography?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Molar Bond Enthalpy?
What is Molar Bond Enthalpy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is Titration?
What is Titration?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Theoretical Yield
Theoretical Yield
Signup and view all the flashcards
Actual Yield
Actual Yield
Signup and view all the flashcards
Percentage Yield
Percentage Yield
Signup and view all the flashcards
Addition Reaction
Addition Reaction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Limiting Reagent
Limiting Reagent
Signup and view all the flashcards
Catalyst
Catalyst
Signup and view all the flashcards
Combustion Reaction
Combustion Reaction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Excess Reagent
Excess Reagent
Signup and view all the flashcards
Equivalence Point
Equivalence Point
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Getting the Most from Reactants
- Butane (C₄H₁₀) can be converted into methane (CH₄) and propene (C₃H₆) in the reaction C₄H₁₀ → CH₄ + C₃H₆.
- Theoretical yield calculation involves calculating the amount of propene that can be produced from 150 tonnes of butane.
- Actual yield from 150 tonnes of butane is 86.3 tonnes of propene.
- Percentage yield calculation is necessary given the actual yield of propene.
- The percentage yield is rarely 100% for a real-world process due to various factors.
- Atom economy refers to the production of propene.
- Atom economy is rarely 100% for any process.
- Propane (C₃H₈) reacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction forming carbon dioxide and water.
- The balanced equation for this reaction if C₃H₈(g) + 5O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(I).
- 100cm³ of C₃H₈ reacts with 600cm³ of oxygen which leaves a remaining volume of unreacted gas.
- Limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction.
- Excess reagent is the reactant present in a quantity greater than necessary for complete reaction.
Equilibria
- Sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen to produce sulphur trioxide and is shown with the balanced equation 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2SO₃(g) with ΔH = -395.7 kJ mol⁻¹.
- Increasing the pressure on an equilibrium will affect it.
- A platinum catalyst is added to the reaction vessel which will affect the equilibrium position.
- Increasing the temperature on the equilibrium position will affect it.
- Measures for increasing the yield of sulphur trioxide can be taken.
Chemical Energy
- Bond enthalpy values are used to calculate the enthalpy change for an addition reaction.
- For the addition reaction between H₂C=CH₂ and HBr, the bonds breaking are one C=C bond and one H-Br bond.
- Bonds being made in the reaction of H₂C=CH₂ and HBr are one C-C bond and one C-Br bond.
- Enthalpy change is the difference in heat, based on absolute values of the thermodynamic quantity known as enthalpy.
- Given the cycle diagram with ΔHₓ = -219 kJ mol⁻¹ and ΔH₁ = -90 kJ mol⁻¹, the value for ΔH₂ can be calculated.
Oxidising or Reducing Agents
- Oxidation and reduction reactions can be combined to give the overall redox equation.
- Oxidation: Cr(OH)₃ → CrO₄²⁻ + 3e⁻.
- Reduction: Br₂ + 2e⁻ → 2Br⁻.
- The reactant acting as the oxidising agent can be identified.
- Give a reason why one reactant is acting as the oxidising agent over the other
- Oxidising agents have commercial uses.
Chemical Analysis
- A 20cm³ solution of sulphuric acid titrated with a standardised solution of potassium hydroxide (0.0500 mol/dm³).
- Phenolphthalein is used as an indicator for the titration where the acid required 36.0 cm³ of alkali KOH for neutralisation.
- The balanced equation for the neutralisation reaction if 2KOH(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O(I).
- Number of moles of sulphuric acid reacted in the titration can calculated.
- Mass of potassium hydroxide used in the titration can calculated.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This course covers chemical changes, nature's chemistry, and chemistry in society. It also includes a research component and assessment through exams and assignments. Prepare for a comprehensive exploration of chemistry concepts and applications.
