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Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of preeclampsia during pregnancy?
What is the defining characteristic of preeclampsia during pregnancy?
What is the primary characteristic of an ectopic pregnancy?
What is the primary characteristic of an ectopic pregnancy?
What condition is indicated by the rupture of membranes before the onset of labor?
What condition is indicated by the rupture of membranes before the onset of labor?
Which type of placenta previa refers to the placenta partially covering the internal os?
Which type of placenta previa refers to the placenta partially covering the internal os?
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Which of the following describes hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy?
Which of the following describes hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy?
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What defines a complete central placenta previa?
What defines a complete central placenta previa?
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What defines fetal growth restriction (FGR)?
What defines fetal growth restriction (FGR)?
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What is the primary cause of bleeding in early pregnancy during the first 20 weeks?
What is the primary cause of bleeding in early pregnancy during the first 20 weeks?
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What is classified as chronic hypertension disorder during pregnancy?
What is classified as chronic hypertension disorder during pregnancy?
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Which statement best describes hydatidiform mole (vesicular mole)?
Which statement best describes hydatidiform mole (vesicular mole)?
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Study Notes
High Risk Pregnancy - Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
- Bleeding from the genital tract during the first 20 weeks of gestation may indicate abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or a gestational trophoblastic disease.
- Abortion is the loss of a pregnancy before fetal viability (20-24 weeks) or a fetal weight below 500 grams.
- Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity, typically in the fallopian tubes, resulting from abnormal implantation of the fertilized ovum. This can be intrauterine, or extrauterine.
High Risk Pregnancy - Bleeding in Late Pregnancy
- Bleeding from the genital tract after 20 weeks of gestation may indicate conditions like placenta previa.
- Placenta previa: The placenta implants over the lower uterine segment. Types of placenta previa include:
- Lateralis: The placenta is implanted over the lower uterine segment but does not reach the internal os.
- Marginalis: Part of the placenta is implanted on the lower uterine segment, but the placenta edge reaches the internal os.
- Incomplete central: The placenta covers the internal os, completely or incompletely, depending on the degree of cervical dilation.
- Complete central: The entire placenta completely covers the internal os.
High Risk Pregnancy - Other Conditions
- Hydatidiform mole (Vesicular mole): This is a gross malformation of the trophoblast. The chorionic villi proliferate, becoming avascular and filled with fluid-forming vesicles resembling a bunch of grapes. This represents an abnormal development of the chorionic villi.
- Abruptio placenta (accidental hemorrhage): This is bleeding during the last three months of pregnancy or during labor, due to premature separation of a normally situated placenta. Types include revealed, concealed, and combined forms.
High Risk Pregnancy - Hypertension
- Gestational hypertension: Development of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure.
- Preeclampsia: Development of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema after 20 weeks of gestation.
- Eclampsia: Development of seizure or coma in a woman with preeclampsia who has no history of preexisting causes.
- Chronic hypertension disorder: Hypertension that was present before pregnancy.
High Risk Pregnancy - Premature Rupture of Membranes
- PROM (premature rupture of membranes): Rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor.
- PPROM (Preterm premature rupture of membranes): Rupture of membranes before 37 weeks and in the absence of labor.
High Risk Pregnancy - Other Conditions
- Gestational diabetes: Carbohydrate intolerance that develops during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester.
- Hyperemesis gravidarum: Severe vomiting during pregnancy that leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and starvation ketosis requiring hospitalization.
High Risk Pregnancy - Anemia
- Anemia: A condition where the amount of functioning hemoglobin in the blood is reduced below normal. In a non-pregnant female, a hemoglobin level below 12 mg/dl is considered anemia. In a pregnant woman, anemia is diagnosed if the hemoglobin level drops below 11 mg/dl.
High Risk Pregnancy - Other Conditions
- Chorioamnionitis: A bacterial infection of the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, typically complicating premature rupture of membranes and ascending bacterial infection via the vagina.
- Polyhydramnios: Excessive amniotic fluid, defined as amniotic fluid measuring over 2000 cc.
- Oligohydramnios: Low amniotic fluid, with an amniotic fluid measurement below 500 cc. Normal range is typically 800 - 1000 cc.
High Risk Pregnancy - Fetal Development
- Fetal growth restriction (FGR) / Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): A fetal weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age.
- Intrauterine fetal death: Fetal death at or after 20 or 24 weeks of pregnancy, resulting in a baby born without signs of life.
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Description
This quiz covers critical aspects of bleeding during pregnancy, including early signs that may indicate abortion or ectopic pregnancies, and late pregnancy conditions such as placenta previa. Understanding these risks is essential for maternal and fetal health. Test your knowledge on these important topics related to high-risk pregnancies.
