High-Rise Fire Strategy and Tactics
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What is the initial priority when first determining strategy at a high rise fire?

  • Incident stabilization
  • Property/environment protection
  • Rapid intervention team deployment
  • Life saving (correct)

    • In a high-rise fire, what strategy is most likely to be sustained for a longer duration compared to a typical structure fire?

  • Offensive strategy (correct)
  • Defensive strategy
  • Transitional Strategy
  • Combination strategy

    • When should a rapid intervention plan be considered in a high-rise fire?

  • When the fire is in a defensive stage
  • Early in the incident (correct)
  • After the arrival of additional resources
  • After the fire is under control

    • What is a crucial consideration regarding rapid intervention preparation for high-rise fires compared to typical structure fires?

    <p>The need for at least two or more companies for preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lobby in a high-rise fire incident?

    <p>Controlling building systems such as elevators using the control room, and determining civilian occupancy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from a medical group, what does the dedicated medical unit focus on during a high-rise fire?

    <p>Fire and emergency personnel injuries, treatment, and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to plan early for hydration and crew rotation in high-rise incidents?

    <p>To account for the fire flow required and advanced stages of a working high-rise fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is particularly important regarding water lines in a high-rise fire?

    <p>Multiple lines, potentially from multiple stairwells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In high-rise fires, what is a primary reason smoke and fire gases are more dangerous than flames?

    <p>They are more difficult to confine and more lethal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general rule of thumb for attack line size in high-rise fires according to the content?

    <p>2 ½&quot; attack lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the fire floor, where should fire crews be aware of possible hidden fire spread?

    <p>In the floors above, all the way to the top of the building due to vertical avenues like shafts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical function does the proper pressurization of stairwells achieve in high-rise fire operations?

    <p>Prevents the movement of smoke and gases, keeping escape routes clear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ‘stack effect’ related to high-rise fires according to the content?

    <p>The movement of air due to temperature fluctuations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who ultimately bears the responsibility for confirming complete extinguishment on the fire floor?

    <p>Division supervisors of the fire floor(s).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important not to solely rely on a Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) during overhaul?

    <p>Relying solely the TIC can lead to a rekindle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content who should coordinate with divisions supervisors regarding pressurization of stairwells and fire floors?

    <p>The IC and ventilation group supervisor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant challenge faced by firefighters at the described incident?

    <p>Malfunctioning elevators and the need to climb many flights with heavy equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the incident commander upon arrival?

    <p>To enter the building, establish a Command Post (CP) at the fire command center, and assess the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a fire department call for extra resources early during an incident?

    <p>To stop the fire and complete a primary search of the primary fire area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main priority during the initial stages of a fire incident?

    <p>Stopping the fire and performing a primary search for occupants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a task-level activity during a fire incident?

    <p>Suppressing the fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role, according to the text, does a two-sided view play when establishing an ICP?

    <p>It provides a larger perspective of the fire building, aiding in the decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the initial Fire Floor Division Supervisor?

    <p>To manage resources on the fire floor itself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the author emphasize that most resources should be doing task level work?

    <p>Because the priority is stopping the fire and completing the primary search efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the second-alarm resources in this high-rise fire incident?

    <p>To establish emergency power to a low-rise bank elevator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of establishing a medical group on the 16th floor sky lobby?

    <p>It provided a strategic location for paramedics with ALS equipment to treat casualties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the fire floor division request multiple carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishers?

    <p>They were needed to control specific types of fires found in electrical rooms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of the stairway support team in this incident?

    <p>To provide a logistical support for equipment transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action was taken regarding the electrical power supply to the fire floor?

    <p>It was shut off for safety by the utility company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the acronym SAW-CSS-RECEO-VSS in the context of high-rise fires?

    <p>It details the tactical template for various types of incidents, including high-rise fires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a fire department with a significant high-rise building presence approach high-rise fires?

    <p>Having a detailed high-rise policy and/or SOG specific to their situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core message conveyed regarding automatic alarms in the provided context?

    <p>Automatic alarms should always be treated as a potentially high-risk event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between staging and base in a high-rise incident?

    <p>Staging is located near the incident, while base is established further away for logistical support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a rapid ascent team in high-rise fire operations?

    <p>To quickly reach the fire floor and begin rescue or suppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tactical consideration is MOST critical for effective ventilation in high-rise fires?

    <p>Balancing vertical and horizontal ventilation strategies based on fire location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the responsibilities of the lobby/systems group in a high-rise fire?

    <p>To control building systems and provide access to building information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are branches utilized within the Incident Command System (ICS) at a high-rise fire?

    <p>To divide large operations into manageable functional areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given limited resources, what is the FIRST step an Incident Commander should take when developing a plan for an unmet need during a high-rise fire?

    <p>Reassess the incident’s strategic goals and priorities to focus resources effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a key consideration when training personnel for high rise fires?

    <p>Adapting training scenarios to directly address potential challenges like limited resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the exponential increase in fire spread impact tactical decision-making in a high-rise fire?

    <p>It demands faster, more aggressive, and well-coordinated tactical operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a high-rise fire, when should additional alarms be called?

    <p>Upon confirmation of a high-rise fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a confirmed high-rise fire, which floor becomes the first division?

    <p>The fire floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the tactical objectives of the division supervisor on the fire floor?

    <p>Fire attack and primary search.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the lobby/systems group in a confirmed high-rise fire?

    <p>Controlling access, elevators and utilizing fire protection systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When there is visible smoke or fire from the exterior of the building, what's a possible conclusion regarding fire conditions?

    <p>Sprinklers are ineffective, not functioning, or not present and the fire has ventilation and will grow rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of staging in a high-rise fire?

    <p>To organize companies before they arrive at the fire floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be prioritized on the fire floor?

    <p>Begin fire attack and primary search.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could a command officer consider to keep from getting overwhelmed with span of control issues in a high rise fire?

    <p>Establishing base, identifying a staging area manager, and considering an evacuation group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    High-Rise Fires

    • High-rise fires are complex and lethal incidents
    • A high-rise building is over 75 feet tall
    • High-rise fires are potentially the most challenging and lethal structure fires
    • High-rise fires have immense occupancy loads

    High-Rise Fire Definition and Hazards

    • High-rise fires are complex incidents that require significant resources
    • Occupants on higher floors can be killed by smoke and fire
    • Firefighting operations in high-rise buildings may take an extended time (60-90 seconds per floor)
    • Pre-planning and training are critical to high-rise incidents, involving factors like building occupancy trends, fire suppression, elevator systems, HVAC, communications, stairwells, and control rooms

    Statistics on high rise fires

    • From 2009-2013, US fire departments responded to an average of 14,500 structure fires annually in high-rise buildings
    • These high-rise fires caused an average of 40 civilian deaths, 520 civilian injuries and $154 million in direct property damage annually.
    • Five property use groups account for 73% of high-rise fires (Apartments, Hotels, Dormitories, Offices, Facilities that care for the sick, and mixed use buildings)

    High-Rise Fire Case Studies

    • Example: Denver high-rise building with automatic fire alarm
    • Initial reports of the incident may be limited or vague
    • High-rise fires require significant resources for fire attack and to quickly assess and rescue people from the incident
    • In high-rise fire scenarios, first due companies need to work quickly and effectively establishing sufficient resources before deploying into the building.
    • High-rise environments require significant planning and training for safety and efficiency.

    High-Rise Fire Strategy

    • Size-up is ongoing and crucial in high-rise scenarios
    • Assess the situation and factors like building occupancy, building systems to establish a clear strategy.
    • Establish a clear priority for fire attack, search, evacuation, ventilation, and any other required tasks
    • Plan for large numbers of victims and potential resource demands
    • Establish multiple divisions and have well coordinated teams working together
    • Identify clear strategy for the span of control of the incident commander (IC)'s team
    • Confirm the safety conditions needed to approach the situation safely

    Safety Considerations and Exposures

    • Rapid intervention crews need to be in place quickly
    • High-risk tactical concerns need to be identified early
    • The potential for smoke and hazardous gases are critical in this type of scenario
    • Confine fire and smoke to control its spread
    • Ensure adequate resources are available for all potential needs

    Extinguishment

    • The technique on fighting a high-rise fire requires detailed planning
    • Different types and numbers of attack lines are likely required for the specific high-rise building
    • Proper communication is key to an efficient operation and prevents confusion
    • Coordination between multiple levels and floors are crucial to the efficiency of fighting high-rise fires
    • All operations need to be coordinated and monitored before, during, and after the incident

    Salvage

    • Salvage is usually a lower priority than fire and rescue, but it's still important to stabilize and protect all areas that are not involved
    • Salvage efforts involve protecting unoccupied or uninvolved areas from water or smoke damage
    • Ensure safe conditions for all members and ensure that all occupants can be safely removed from the building immediately after the incident/operation

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential strategies and considerations for managing high-rise fire incidents. Questions will focus on prioritization, rapid intervention planning, water management, and crew safety specific to high-rise environments. Test your knowledge on how to effectively respond to these challenging emergencies.

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