High Rise Buildings and Foundation Dynamics
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Questions and Answers

What was a primary cause of the building collapse in Shanghai?

  • Poor weather conditions
  • Pressure difference on two sides of the structure (correct)
  • Earthquake
  • Flooding

    • The building in Shanghai was completed and occupied at the time of its collapse.

    False

    What construction error led to the foundation failure in Shanghai?

    Excavation of an underground garage on one side while earth was heaped on the other.

    The technique known as __________ is widely used for supporting vertical excavation near existing buildings.

    <p>soil nailing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Pressure difference = Imbalance in forces on the sides of the structure Supported excavation system = Technique to stabilize excavations Soil nailing = Support method for vertical excavations Foundation failure = Collapse due to inadequate ground support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the height of the building that collapsed in Shanghai?

    <p>13 storeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preventive measures can eliminate the chances of foundation failure entirely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended preventive measure for deep excavation problems?

    <p>Supported excavation system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the total cost of constructing Taipei 101?

    <p>$1.8 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The foundation of Taipei 101 is 80 meters deep.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the construction of Taipei 101 begin?

    <p>1999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each pile of the foundation can withstand a load of ______ tons.

    <p>1100-1450</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the foundation construction methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Steel Piles = Used for load transfer Slurry Wall System = Provides stability for foundations Drilled Piers = Continuous concrete matt transfer Reverse Circulation Pile = A method for removing soil during drilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The foundation of Taipei 101 is supported by 280 piles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of soil is typically found 40-50m below the surface near Taipei 101?

    <p>Soft rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Construction of Taipei 101 finished in ______.

    <p>2004</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor increases non-linearly with the height of a high-rise building?

    <p>Vertical load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyclic loading does not impact foundation capacity of high-rise buildings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the height of Taipei 101 in meters?

    <p>508</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The building aspect ratio of Taipei 101 is about ______, based on its waist.

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structural system with its description:

    <p>Tube System = A system providing structural stability for tall buildings Braced Framed System = A system that resists lateral forces using braces Structural Wall Frame Structure = Walls that bear loads and provide stability Elevator System = Facilitates vertical transportation within the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional forces are induced on a structure due to seismic action?

    <p>Lateral forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stories does Taipei 101 have?

    <p>101</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High-rise buildings should have controlled differential settlements between high-rise and low-rise portions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the type of foundation selected for a tall building?

    <p>Weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Increasing the depth of a foundation can improve soil bearing capacity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of using traditional piling methods?

    <p>Causes massive vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Micropiles are constructed using __________ to fill the gap between the pile and the earth.

    <p>concrete grout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods for improving soil bearing capacity with their descriptions:

    <p>Increasing depth of foundation = Enhances stability through greater soil contact Compacting the soil = Increases density and strength of soil Draining the soil = Reduces water content for stabilization Grouting = Fills voids and consolidates soil structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method does NOT rely on hammering?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Access for construction equipment is an important consideration when selecting a foundation type.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason why traditional piling techniques might be restricted in residential areas.

    <p>Noise and vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary feature of micropile construction?

    <p>Minimally disturbs adjacent structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Micropiles can achieve maximum axial load capacities of up to 2000 kN.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are helical piles also known as?

    <p>Screw piles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Micropiles can be installed through existing ______.

    <p>footings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the micropile features with their descriptions:

    <p>High uplift load capacity = Suitable for tension structures Installed in limited headroom = Adaptable for confined spaces Economical installation = Effective in difficult ground conditions Steeply raking piles = Significant horizontal load capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major benefit of screw piles in terms of environmental impact?

    <p>They are easily removable and reusable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steel casing is the only form of reinforcement used in micropiles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do helical piles use to penetrate the ground?

    <p>Drilling and rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • High-rise buildings experience significant vertical loads due to their substantial weight, requiring careful consideration of ultimate bearing capacity and potential settlement.
    • Differential settlements between high-rise and low-rise structures must be controlled, as high-rise buildings often sit atop smaller podiums.
    • Wind-induced lateral forces lead to high moments on foundation systems, increasing vertical loads, particularly on outer piles.
    • Structural design for piles must account for the combined effects of lateral forces and increased vertical loads from wind moments.
    • Cyclic nature of wind loading necessitates consideration of its impact on foundation performance, as cyclic loading can degrade capacity and amplify movements.
    • Seismic actions introduce additional lateral forces and ground motions, further complicating foundation design.

    Case Study: Taipei 101

    • Taipei 101 was the tallest building globally from 2004 to 2010, standing at 508 meters with 101 stories.
    • Construction spanned from 1999 to 2004, with a total cost of $1.8 billion.
    • Features include a five-story deep basement, 61 elevators, and a building aspect ratio of approximately 9 based on its waist.
    • The structure is supported by a central braced core, large perimeter mega-columns, and outrigger trusses for stability against lateral forces.
    • The foundation includes a slurry wall system and 380 reinforced concrete piles driven 262 feet into the ground, each capable of bearing 1,100-1,450 tons.

    Foundation Details of Taipei 101

    • The foundation is considered one of the most stable ever constructed, with piles measuring 5 feet in diameter and withstanding up to 2.9 million pounds.
    • The foundation depth is approximately 80 meters, effectively supporting the tower's load.

    Causes of Foundation Failures

    • Common reasons include load transfer failures, collapsible soils, lateral loads, construction errors, unequal support, earthquakes, vibrations, landslides, and uplift failures.

    Case Study: Shanghai Collapse

    • A 13-story unoccupied building in Shanghai collapsed during construction due to improper methods, leading to one fatality.
    • The collapse was attributed to uneven pressure from excavation on one side, causing structural instability.

    Technology Advancement for Foundations

    • Factors influencing foundation type include structure location, load distributions, ground conditions, construction access, durability, and local practices.
    • Soil bearing capacity improvement methods include increasing foundation depth, soil compaction, drainage, confinement, grouting, and chemical treatment.
    • Disadvantages of traditional piling include noise and vibrations, making them unsuitable near sensitive sites, leading to the adoption of micropiling or helical piling techniques.

    Micropiles

    • Micropiles are small-diameter piles installed with minimal disturbance, capable of achieving axial load capacities up to 2,000 kN.
    • Their installation can occur in limited headroom areas, minimizing impacts on adjacent structures and soil.
    • Versatile use includes soil reinforcement and horizontal load resistance for varying ground conditions.

    Helical Piles

    • Helical piles, or screw piles, have spiral blades allowing them to be drilled into the ground with minimal site disruption.
    • Used for structural support and underpinning foundations, they are sustainable options as they can be moved and reused with less environmental damage compared to traditional methods.

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    Session 2 Foundation of High Rise Buildings PDF

    Description

    Explore the complex dynamics of high-rise buildings in response to wind-induced forces and structural foundations. This quiz delves into the considerations of building weight, vertical loads, and the impact of surrounding low-rise structures on foundational support. Gain insights into the engineering principles necessary for designing resilient towering structures.

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