Hierarchical Classification of Biological Entities

Study Notes

Hierarchical Classification of Biological Entities

Riik (Kingdom): The highest taxonomic rank in biological classification. It groups organisms based on shared fundamental characteristics, like cellular structure (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) and nutritional modes (autotrophic, heterotrophic). Kingdoms include examples such as Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Fungi (fungi), Protista (protists), and Bacteria (bacteria).
Hõimkond (Phylum/Division): A rank below kingdom, grouping organisms with similar body plans or structural organization. For example, Chordata (animals with a notochord) or Magnoliophyta (flowering plants).
Klass (Class): A rank between phylum and order. Organisms within a class share more specific characteristics, often detailed anatomical features. Examples: Mammalia (mammals), Aves (birds), or Reptilia.
Selts (Order): A rank below class, grouping organisms with similar structural adaptations and ecological roles. Example: Primates or Carnivora.
Sugukond (Family): A rank below order. Families group organisms that share key characteristics and similarities in their evolutionary processes. Examples: Hominidae (great apes), or Felidae (cats).
Perekond (Genus): A rank below family. Members of a genus share a common ancestor and display recognizable morphological and genetic kinship. Examples: Homo (humans), or Felis (domestic cats).
Liik (Species): The lowest rank in the classification hierarchy. Species are groups of organisms that can interbreed naturally and produce fertile offspring. Members of the same species share the most detailed common traits. Examples: Homo sapiens (modern humans) or Felis catus (domestic cats).