HI-113 Democratic Capitalism

• Siste forelesning hi-113 focuses on key concepts and historical events.
• The lecture emphasizes thorough understanding over brief definitions.
• Examination questions will be claim-based with 2-5 sub-assignments.

Democratic Capitalism

• Democratic capitalism involves a degree of social and economic equality within a capitalist system.
• It includes ownership structure, cooperative economics, and community solutions through government initiatives.
• Two out of three farmers owned their land at the start of the 1800s.
• Common part-ownership in shipping during the 1800s was across social classes.
• The development of small family businesses such as shops and craft enterprises was also significant.
• There was substantial cooperative economic organization of economics (many own small shares in companies)
• Common ownership was intended to ensure reasonable pricing for local communities in many spheres.
• Examples include purchasing and sales teams, egg teams, and dairies after 1860, with Meierisentralen in 1930.
• Tine, the successor to dairy cooperatives, has a milk monopoly and sets milk prices.
• Municipalization of infrastructure from 1890-1940 ensured equal access to services.
• This included municipal waterworks, gasworks, electricity plants, trams, and public baths.
• State concession laws aimed to protect national interests against foreign acquisition of waterfalls.
• Laws from 1906 and 1917 required approval for natural resource purchases like of hydropower and forests.
• The purpose of these laws were primarily targeted towards foreign purchases of Norwegian property.
• Local communities were guaranteed housing, schools and stores, and the state was secured income through concessions.
• Reversion rights prevented permanent foreign ownership or monopolization; after 60-80 years, mines and waterfalls would revert to the state without compensation.
• Ownership structure has been the key starting point, with politics and ownership attempting to create social equality
• Farmers come together for sales to control market forces and ensure everyone sticks to an agreed price
• Cooperative organization experiences an increase, and eventually there is no longer any genuine competition.
• In modern day agriculture the majority is controlled by cooperatives

Kommunalisering

• The principles are: The municipality takes over the large and important organizations and social tasks, starting with infrastructure
• Examples include: savings banks, waterworks, communal baths, libraries, etc
• When the community on behalf of the community drives society.
• Provides social and economic equality, which is what is aimed for in democratic capitalism
• Everyone should have access to the same
• Private players think of profits, which may involve exclusion. Ex. one has to be a member to use it and a profit
• 1870-1940 the entire world goes through kommunalisering

Konsesjonsloven

• The purpose of this law is to limit foreign purchases.
• It regulates purchaes
• Regulations for purchases of property

Democratization

• Democratization means more social groups gain influence, whether its by voting. participating, demonstrations.
• It also means groups get increased rights like freedom of speech and religion, ending discrimination etc...
• During the 1800s not everyone eligible to vote in early times
• Organizations and political parties become a part of politics and governance.
• Media is a requirement for freedom of speech
• Discussion is a prerequite for democracy

Different democracies

• Participating democracy: That many can have influence through voting and eligiblity: Expression in the 1800's

• Competitive democracy: That politicians must compete with eachother for citizens and voters

• Arguing democracy: Many sources for expressions and debates

• Media is an outside force that may influence the traditional roles traditionally of power

• As many as possible should have a chance to have a voice and express their opinions through actions and medias.

• Equality and freedom for all

• Democratization means that several social groups will be heard and have more influence

• What happens in the 1800's will impact where things head.

Main principles for power

• The division of power: Power must be divided, or we will get tyrants.
• To keep one person from having all the power: It must be divided between the legislative parliament and the executive power of the King.
• Rule by the people: The power should always be in the hands of the people, but who is the people: Someone it is everyone, others it is who has the right to vote.

Nationalism

• What is the situation on the 1800's: A people must control themselves.
• Etreme version form of nationalism: Facicm and Nazism.
• Representation for the peopl, their rights e.g..

Statsrådssaken

• How come that Knut Dørum believes it was a political revolution?: Statrådsaken makes sure that governments have to listen to and make agreements with the Parliament.
• The Parliament gets to vote on the Governments statements.

1884 Compromise

• A compromise arises in 1884 that involves many officials in the government and parliament.

• The king gets an postponing veto in regular cases, this is a request from the right wing.

• The monarch is in complete control.

• The king must be the centre of all power.

• The king should represent the people.

• Kongemakten will be important in the 70's ant 80's but folks don't agree that

• The biggest worry during the time was that the mob would gain power

What Norway Achieves

• What the norwegians achieve is equal numbers of officials.
• The Norwegians develop more trust in themselves and believe that Norway should be a sovereign state
• The Union was brought on through war.

The fight for the union

• The swedes don't aprove your own department for diplomacy.

• This sparks fear that there will be war

• 7th of june Norway votes to no longer follow the king

• 3 Elements of Note during the event

• Kongen has given up his role by the choices they have made

• The unions were dissolved by stopping the authority by the King

• Parliament takes authority by their choices

• There are several reasons for the king to be in power.

• Its more democrating than and president

• A king has too little power

Summary

• Merriman thinks that the revolutions was the first serious attack
• This includes power to the people, division of power, and rights
• France gets an assembly
• A King as it can relate, has been vital while fighting for liberation.