Bacterial Structure and Function: Shape, Arrangement, and Size

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Which type of microorganism can live within soil, in the ocean, and inside the human gut?

Algae

Archaea

Bacteria (correct)

Viruses

Which of the following organisms is characterized by DNA in a double-stranded loop and a complex peptidoglycan-protein cell wall?

Archaea

Bacteria (correct)

Viruses

Algae

What is the main characteristic of fungi?

Presence of mitochondria

Rigid cell walls and true nucleus (correct)

Motility

Photosynthetic pigments

What is the role of some bacteria in relation to human digestion?

Curdling milk into yogurt Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is known for being heterotrophic and causing most infections as a result of weakened host immune defenses?

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive characteristic of bacteria's ribosomes?

Small ribosomes free in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

Reproduce both sexually and asexually Signup and view all the answers

What is a living characteristic of viruses?

Reproduce at a fantastic rate in living host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of growth for most microalgae?

Autotrophic growth through photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What determines the pathogenicity of microorganisms?

The nature and type of virulence factors Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on cell wall structure?

Peptidoglycan thickness and teichoic acids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoa?

Transmission by arthropods Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of most fungi?

Rigid cell wall surrounding the protoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?

Composed mainly of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the average diameter of cocci bacteria?

0.75 µm Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of viruses in terms of metabolism?

Lack of metabolism on their own Signup and view all the answers

What are flagella made up of?

Flagellin proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pili in bacteria?

Adhering bacteria to surfaces Signup and view all the answers

How are flagellated bacteria described based on the arrangement of flagella?

Monotrichous Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsule in most bacteria?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of length for bacilli bacteria?

2-10 µm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?

Protection against phagocytic engulfment Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall?

Plasma membrane, peptidoglycan, and capsule Signup and view all the answers

What connects the peptidoglycan to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

Lipoprotein layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma membranes in bacteria?

Selective permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tangle of double-stranded DNA in prokaryotes?

Protein production Signup and view all the answers

What are plasmids in bacteria primarily known for?

Antibiotic resistance Signup and view all the answers

What determines the rigidity and shape of the bacterial cell wall?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?