31 Questions
Which type of microorganism can live within soil, in the ocean, and inside the human gut?
Bacteria
Which of the following organisms is characterized by DNA in a double-stranded loop and a complex peptidoglycan-protein cell wall?
Bacteria
What is the main characteristic of fungi?
Rigid cell walls and true nucleus
What is the role of some bacteria in relation to human digestion?
Curdling milk into yogurt
Which microorganism is known for being heterotrophic and causing most infections as a result of weakened host immune defenses?
Fungi
What is a distinctive characteristic of bacteria's ribosomes?
Small ribosomes free in the cytoplasm
Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?
Reproduce both sexually and asexually
What is a living characteristic of viruses?
Reproduce at a fantastic rate in living host cells
What is the main method of growth for most microalgae?
Autotrophic growth through photosynthesis
What determines the pathogenicity of microorganisms?
The nature and type of virulence factors
What differentiates Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based on cell wall structure?
Peptidoglycan thickness and teichoic acids
Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoa?
Transmission by arthropods
What is the main characteristic of most fungi?
Rigid cell wall surrounding the protoplasm
What are the characteristics of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?
Composed mainly of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids
What is the average diameter of cocci bacteria?
0.75 µm
What is a distinguishing feature of viruses in terms of metabolism?
Lack of metabolism on their own
What are flagella made up of?
Flagellin proteins
What is the function of pili in bacteria?
Adhering bacteria to surfaces
How are flagellated bacteria described based on the arrangement of flagella?
Monotrichous
What is the function of the capsule in most bacteria?
Protection
What is the range of length for bacilli bacteria?
2-10 µm
What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?
Protection against phagocytic engulfment
What is the composition of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall?
Plasma membrane, peptidoglycan, and capsule
What connects the peptidoglycan to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
Lipoprotein layer
What is the main function of plasma membranes in bacteria?
Selective permeability
What is the role of the tangle of double-stranded DNA in prokaryotes?
Protein production
What are plasmids in bacteria primarily known for?
Antibiotic resistance
What determines the rigidity and shape of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?
Selective permeability
What are teichoic acids made of?
Polymers of glycerol and ribitol phosphates
What is the main role of plasmids in bacteria?
Facilitation of genetic engineering
Test your knowledge of bacterial structure and function, including the shape, arrangement, and size of different types of bacteria. This quiz covers the characteristics of cocci, bacilli, coccobacilli, and filaments.
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