HHP3300 Exam 3 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

During which phase do boys experience improvement in vertical jump performance?

Adolescence

Childhood

Puberty (correct)

Adulthood

What is a significant factor contributing to the differences in throwing performance between males and females?

Body composition

Running speed

Muscle engagement patterns (correct)

Stature

What happens to the fat mass of females during the designated period mentioned?

They acquire fat mass at a slower rate

They acquire fat mass at a greater rate (correct)

They do not acquire fat mass

They lose fat mass

What notable difference is observed in running performance between standing start and running start for males and females?

Greater differences in standing start compared to running start Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to a decrease in the difference between males and females in throwing velocity, according to the studies?

Practice and experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason suggested for the different performance trends between males and females in balance on one foot?

Females engage in activities like dance and gymnastics. Signup and view all the answers

At what developmental stage do females experience a plateau in grip and pulling strength?

Puberty Signup and view all the answers

In which muscle strength category do boys show a continuous acquisition of strength?

Quadriceps Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in female biceps strength during early adolescence?

Plateau followed by sharp decline Signup and view all the answers

How do males and females compare in standing long jump performance at puberty?

Males outperformed females significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the differences in strength development observed between boys and girls during adolescence?

Hormonal changes during puberty Signup and view all the answers

Why might distance performance in girls drop off in standing long jump at puberty?

Changes in physical development patterns occur. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor influencing males' performance across various physical activities compared to females?

Males have larger muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

What does strength primarily measure in the context of muscle performance?

Maximum amount of force that can be voluntarily produced by the muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding male and female strength performance?

Boys show overall stronger performance from ages 6-8. Signup and view all the answers

How does juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) affect strength development in children?

Children with JRA do not experience significant strength improvements. Signup and view all the answers

What is a predictable trend related to force generation as children grow?

Force generation tends to increase with an increase in fat-free mass. Signup and view all the answers

What role does coordination play in motor performance?

It involves the ability to combine muscles in a right sequence. Signup and view all the answers

Under Title IX, which aspect is emphasized regarding training programs?

No discrimination based on sex in educational programs. Signup and view all the answers

During which age range is FFM development particularly notable in males?

Late childhood into adolescence. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sports allows for competition between males and females according to the information?

Equestrian sports. Signup and view all the answers

How is acceleration affected according to the ratio of force producing tissue to mass?

Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inverse to mass. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences girls to outperform boys in flexibility?

Greater estrogen levels in girls. Signup and view all the answers

In which sports did girls experience the highest incidence of knee injuries among high school athletes?

Soccer and basketball. Signup and view all the answers

What relationship exists between strength acquisition and peak height velocity (PHV) in boys?

Peak strength acquisition occurs after PHV. Signup and view all the answers

What trend was observed regarding female performance in the 50-yard dash related to menarche?

Performance declines after menarche due to increased fat mass. Signup and view all the answers

When do girls typically enter puberty compared to boys?

About two years earlier than boys. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'early maturer' in terms of skeletal age?

Skeletal age is more than one year older than chronological age. Signup and view all the answers

In a longitudinal study, how do grip strength and vertical jump trends generally compare between genders?

Boys show increasing trends while girls show declining trends. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Exam 3 Study Guide HHP3300

Title IX of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in educational programs receiving federal funds
Strength and motor performance vary between males and females
Strength is primarily measured by torque (force across joints) in muscles
Coordination is crucial for combining muscle actions correctly
Force production typically increases with muscle mass (FFM) in late childhood and adolescence; males generally outperform females in strength, especially upper body strength.
Grip and pulling strength improve in late childhood and adolescence.
Recent data on grip strength reveals minimal differences between boys and girls in late childhood, but significant differences arise during puberty.
Endurance performance generally follows similar trends across genders in late childhood, though some differences are observed.
Standing long jump difference between boys and girls is minimal in childhood but boys outperform in adolescence.
Agility (e.g., standing long jump, catching, running speed) and throwing distance show greater differences, with males performing better than females.
Timing and coordination differences during physical activities are observed between males and females.
Flexibility differences exist, with girls typically outperforming boys, due to estrogen levels.
Ratio of force-producing tissue mass to overall body mass influences acceleration during physical activities.
Sex differences in performance may be related to variation in body composition and muscle maturation.
Physical performance is sometimes affected by biological maturation and body size.
Biological maturation in females occurs approximately 2 years earlier than in males; girls also enter puberty earlier than boys.
Maturity status can be classified as early, average and late.
Early maturing athletes may exhibit advantages in certain sports.
Maturation varies between individuals and may impact an athlete's performance in different ways.
Participation in youth sports often decreases in transition to adolescence.
Socioeconomic status can influence physical activity levels in children and adolescents.
Factors like biological, psychological, social, and physical environment can affect physical activity.
Girls' soccer and basketball have a higher incidence of knee injuries.
Physical activity levels decrease in adolescence and adulthood compared to childhood.
Dietary intake and energy expenditure influence growth and maturation.
Increased physical activity during early childhood may be beneficial for growth and maturation.
Excessive or intensive training may hinder growth.
Physical activity levels are often lower in individuals with chronic diseases/disabilities.
Overweight and obesity are prevalent and are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes in children.
Obesity tends to increase the risk of chronic diseases.
Obesity during childhood and adolescence can have long-term consequences.
Different types of chronic conditions (e.g., anorexia nervosa, asthma, cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes) can affect growth, physical activity, and physical performance.
Extremely low birth weight may lead to deficient physical performance, slow motor development and coordination.

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Description

This study guide covers essential concepts from the HHP3300 course, focusing on gender differences in strength, performance, and coordination. Key topics include Title IX, muscle measurement, and variations in motor skills across different developmental stages. Prepare effectively for Exam 3 with insights on endurance, grip strength, and agility.