Hesiod's Strife and Races Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does Hesiod say is the origin of the 'good' Strife?

  • It was born from dark Night and placed in the roots of the earth by Zeus. (correct)
  • It was sent directly by Zeus to punish humans.
  • It came from a war between the Gods and Titans.
  • It is an inherent part of the Iron Age, evolving out of the previous age.

Which is a key characteristic of the 'bad' Strife?

  • It is desired by men because of necessity, though they do not love it. (correct)
  • It was the catalyst for Zeus to wipe out the Iron Race.
  • It is a force that motivates individuals to accumulate wealth.
  • It encourages healthy competition and progress.

What does the text suggest will happen to the Iron Race?

  • They will learn to harness the 'bad' Strife for their benefit.
  • They will eventually be destroyed by a great flood.
  • They will be destroyed by Zeus when they are born with gray hair. (correct)
  • They will evolve into a new, more enlightened race.

What is the main distinction that Hesiod draws between the two forms of Strife?

<p>One leads to negative results, while the other leads to positive results. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Age of Iron' in relation to the two Strifes?

<p>The ambiguity of the 'Age of Iron' is caused by the conflict between both Strifes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Bronze Race?

<p>Engaging in constant warfare and violence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the members of the Bronze Race said to be begotten?

<p>By ash-tree nymphs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Bronze Race disappear?

<p>They were overcome by their own internal violence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most significant difference between the Bronze Race and the Silver Race, according to the text?

<p>The Silver Race was very different in nature, being juridical and religious, while the Bronze Race focused on brute force and physical energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is prominently associated with the Bronze Race?

<p>Bronze (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Race of Heroes have in comparison to the previous races?

<p>They were more just and righteous compared to the previous races. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the end of the Race of Heroes?

<p>Some perished from war, others by shipwreck. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What detail is provided in the text about the death of the Bronze Race?

<p>They disappeared without honors into Hades and were nameless. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these virtues will be disregarded in the Age of Iron?

<p>Justice, keeping oaths, and goodness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest will increase in the Age of Iron?

<p>Celebration of evil deeds and violence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'justice' defined as during the Age of Iron according to the text?

<p>What one can successfully do without punishment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotion will accompany every 'wretched human being'?

<p>Envy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hesoid's account, what is the primary consequence of the banishment from the Golden Age?

<p>The introduction of labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about how men were born before the introduction of women?

<p>They sprang directly from the earth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human life did Zeus intend by his 'joyless laughter'?

<p>That mankind is trapped and cannot escape this trap. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the introduction of women considered a 'beautiful evil'?

<p>Because they provide the blessing of companionship, but create a source of suffering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary failing of the Silver Race that led to their demise?

<p>Their refusal to honor the gods and perform sacrifices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material were the tools of the Bronze Race made from?

<p>Bronze (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristics of the Bronze Race?

<p>They were solely concerned with acts of violence and groaning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of the Silver Race?

<p>They were hidden beneath the earth where they are still honored. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the physical strength of the Bronze Race?

<p>Their strength was described as mighty, with unbendable spirits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was notably absent from the Silver Race although it was present in other races?

<p>A connection to warfare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the impious behavior of the Silver Race, particularly in relation to their religious duties?

<p>Hubris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way the text differentiates the Silver Race from the Bronze Race?

<p>The Silver Race engaged in a pious rule, while the bronze race were focused on violence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided text, what is the primary distinction between the concept of 'dikē' in the context of the cited material?

<p>It refers to a sense of justice and balance that, when disrupted, leads to downfall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hesiod’s 'Works and Days,' how is time primarily understood within the context of the current age?

<p>As a cyclical pattern akin to seasons, representing life as we know it in the present. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the 'Gods' Time' as conceptualized by Hesiod?

<p>It’s characterized by an eternal present, where nothing is lost, and everything is already there. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is 'Man's Time', according to Hesiod, characterized in contrast to the other types of time?

<p>It is strictly linear, marked by a progression from birth to death of an individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analogy does the text use to describe 'Circular or Zig Zag Time'?

<p>A repetitive cycle like the moon, which grows, wanes, and is reborn. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is Prometheus’ liver described?

<p>As a 'mobile image of immobile eternity'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text characterize Hesiod’s work in terms of the origin of his message?

<p>As inspired by the Muses, claiming to pronounce the 'truth'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stated commonality of origin between humans and the gods?

<p>They share a similar source, according to Hesiod. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Pyrrha and Prometheus?

<p>Pyrrha is the daughter of Prometheus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs after Prometheus creates mortal men according to the timeline?

<p>The creation of Pandora. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major action does Zeus intend to take against humanity?

<p>Wipe them out. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for distributing the qualities among the created beings?

<p>Epimetheus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials were gods said to have used to create mortal creatures?

<p>Earth and fire. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Epimetheus play according to the narrative?

<p>He distributed qualities among the creatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, who is said to have possibly created woman?

<p>Prometheus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What survival mechanism was NOT provided to the creatures?

<p>Natural camouflage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bronze Race

The third generation of humanity in Greek mythology, known for their ferocity and war-like nature.

Bronze Race vs. Silver Race

The Bronze Race is described as being 'totally dissimilar' to the Silver Race which implies a significant contrast between these two generations.

Bronze Race and Warfare

The people of the Bronze Race are depicted as existing in a world consumed by warfare with no focus on peaceful activities like agriculture.

Immediate Violence of Bronze Age

This term refers to the absence of a childhood or nurturing period during the Bronze Age; individuals were born directly into conflict.

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Fate of the Bronze Race

The fact that the Bronze Race 'disappears' without leaving a trace or receiving proper burial honors highlights the tragic nature of their demise.

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Cause of Bronze Race Extinction

The disappearance of the Bronze Race is attributed to a combination of their violent nature and a mysterious 'black death.'

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The Race of Heroes

The fourth generation of humanity, known for their justice and righteousness, also referred to as 'half-gods'

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Notable Conflicts of the Race of Heroes

The Race of Heroes is known for their involvement in famous battles, like the war against Thebes and the Trojan War.

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The Silver Race

The Silver Race was a generation of humans who exhibited a lack of respect for the gods, leading to their downfall and subsequent exile to the underworld. They were considered inferior to the Golden Race, known for their piety.

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Foolishness and Violence of the Silver Race

The Silver Race was characterized by their foolish and violent nature. They engaged in acts of harm against each other, demonstrating a lack of understanding and respect for the divine.

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Lack of Respect for the Gods

The Silver Race did not honor the gods through sacrifices and religious rituals, failing to acknowledge their power and authority. Their lack of piety ultimately led to their destruction.

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Zeus's Punishment of the Silver Race

Zeus, the king of the gods, punished the Silver Race for their impious behavior by hiding them in the underworld. This act reflects the divine consequences for disrespecting the gods.

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The Bronze Race

The Bronze Race, a generation succeeding the Silver Race, is portrayed as a fierce and violent group, consumed by their own strength and power. Their focus lies on warfare and conquest, neglecting spiritual matters.

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Lack of Spirituality in the Bronze Race

The Bronze Race, unlike the previous generation, is described as lacking spiritual values. They lack respect for the gods and are primarily concerned with physical strength and dominance.

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The Demise of the Bronze Race

The Bronze Race, despite their great strength, ultimately met their demise at their own hands. They perished in battle, leaving behind a legacy of violence and destruction.

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The Bronze Race's Fate

The Bronze Race, unlike the Silver Race, is not specifically mentioned as being punished by Zeus, suggesting their violent fate is a consequence of their own actions, not divine retribution.

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Bad Eris

A relentless conflict characterized by violence and destruction; the type of strife that brings misery and is only tolerated out of necessity.

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Age of Iron

The period in human history where decline and hardship prevail.

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Good Eris

The positive force driving people to work harder and achieve more through friendly competition and ambition.

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Growth from childhood to old age

The gradual transformation of a human's lifespan, marked by shifts in physical and intellectual capacity over time, from childhood to old age.

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Old age only

The eventual state where humanity is plagued by physical and mental decline, where youthfulness is replaced by decrepitude.

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Cyclical Time

Time in Hesiod's works that is not linear, chronological, but structural and cyclical, like the seasons.

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Gods' Time

A state of being where nothing changes; everything is already present and nothing disappears. Think of the timeless existence of the gods in Hesiod's works.

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Man's Time

A type of time where events progress in a linear direction, from birth to death.

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Circular or Zigzag Time

A type of time that resembles the moon's cycle, constantly growing, dying, and being reborn, repeating endlessly.

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Common Origin

In Hesiod's works, this is the idea that humans and gods share a common ancestor, implying a connection and shared origins.

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Paradoxical Greek Thought

Hesiod's view of time is paradoxical, where a diachronic perspective (through time) and a synchronic perspective (at a specific point in time) can coexist.

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Hubris

A sense of self-importance and arrogant pride, often leading to downfall. In Hesiod's writings, it can be seen as a contributing factor to a negative and destructive cycle.

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Hesiod Speaks the Truth

Hesiod believed he was inspired by the Muses to speak the truth. These truths were passed down through generations and considered highly important.

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The Age of Iron

The Age of Iron is a time characterized by corruption, violence, and injustice. It is a period of profound moral decline where the good are harmed by the wicked, and shame and retribution are absent. It is a bleak and hopeless period for humanity.

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There will be no thanks for one who keeps his oath, or is just, or good, but men will celebrate more the doer of evil deeds and violence.

This statement describes a world where ethical behavior and fidelity to oaths hold no value. Instead, people are rewarded for wrongdoing and violence.

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Mix of good and evil, anxiety and hope inseparable, fused into one [cf.Ananké]

Hesiod describes the present age as a tumultuous mix of good and evil, anxiety and hope. This duality is similar to the concept of Ananké, which represents the inescapable fate or necessity.

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Pandora (kalon kakon ant’ agathoio: a beautiful evil, the price of a blessing)

Pandora represents the cause of evil, sickness, and hardship, while simultaneously bringing a beautiful blessing – suggesting the complex nature of good and evil.

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Before the infamous division of the ox performed by Prometheus at Mecone, men lived by definition without women … This implies, logically, that they were born not of the union of man and woman but solely … sprung directly from the earth.

Hesiod argues that humans before the introduction of women lived directly from the earth, implying that the concept of mortality and human life was inherently different before the arrival of women.

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Banishment from a Golden Age: “is accompanied by a truly ruinous calamity: namely labor”,

Hesiod believes that the arrival of women led to the introduction of labor and hardship, marking a decline from a pre-existing Golden Age.

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The marriage trap & inevitable death: human life “is tragic, in this specific sense that there is no good without evil. Man, as Zeus intended by his joyless laughter, is now entirely outplayed, caught in a trap with no possible escape”,

Hesiod views human life as intrinsically tragic, inherently intertwined with both good and evil, leaving humanity trapped in an inescapable cycle of suffering.

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Hesiod’s account (Pandora 1st woman): “before the infamous division of the ox performed by Prometheus at Mecone, men lived by definition without women … This implies, logically, that they were born not of the union of man and woman but solely … sprung directly from the earth….”

This is a powerful statement suggesting a pre-existing state of affairs, where human existence was fundamentally different before the introduction of women.

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Who created humans? Prometheus or both genders?

Prometheus is the creator of the human race, according to some versions of the myth, but Menander suggests that Prometheus was only responsible for creating women.

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When did Prometheus create humans?

Hesiod's Golden Age, a time of peace and prosperity, existed before Prometheus created humans. This means the creation of humans happened after the Golden Age.

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Was the Mecone sacrifice before or after humans creation by Prometheus?

The sacrifice at Mecone refers to a crucial event in the myth where Prometheus tricked Zeus and brought fire to humans. This event occurred after Prometheus created humans, suggesting Prometheus already created humans before the sacrifice.

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Did Prometheus create Pandora before or after creating humans?

The creation of Pandora, the first woman, is a significant event in the myth that happened after Prometheus created humans. Pandora's creation took place after Prometheus's actions, indicating that humans already existed before her.

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Did Deucalion and Pyrrha exist before or after Prometheus created humans?

Deucalion, the son of Prometheus, marries Pyrrha, the daughter of Pandora. This marriage signifies that the creation of humans happened before Deucalion and Pyrrha, as they are descendants of these earlier creations.

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What role did Prometheus and Epimetheus play in Plato's account?

Plato's description of Prometheus and Epimetheus focuses on how they equip humans with different attributes, showcasing the process of human creation and diversity. This emphasizes that Prometheus is involved in shaping and equipping humans.

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How did Epimetheus contribute to the creation of humans?

Epimetheus distributed various abilities to humans, emphasizing the diversity and uniqueness of each human. This distribution highlights the process of creating humans with differing strengths and weaknesses.

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Were Prometheus and Epimetheus alone in creating humans?

Both Prometheus and Epimetheus work together to create humans, showcasing that the process involved multiple steps and contributions. This collaboration underlines the importance of both figures in the creation of humanity.

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Study Notes

The Human Story

  • The presentation is about Hesiod's Five Races of Man and the Story of the Flood.
  • Hesiod's work, Works and Days, details five races (ages) of humankind.
  • The first race is the Golden Race, created by the gods on Olympus.
  • This race lived during the reign of Kronos.
  • They lived like gods, free from pain and suffering.
  • They died peacefully in their sleep.
  • The second race is the Silver Race.
  • This race was less ideal than the Golden Race.
  • They were foolish and violent.
  • The Silver Race did not honor the gods.
  • They also lived short lives.
  • Zeus hid them in the earth.
  • The third race is the Bronze Race.
  • This race was created by Zeus.
  • They were fierce warriors solely focused on battle.
  • They were violent, powerful, and strong.
  • They were consumed by warfare and violence.
  • They were destroyed by their own hands.
  • The fourth race is the Race of Heroes.
  • These brave individuals were created by Zeus.
  • They were more just and righteous compared to their predecessors.
  • Some were killed in battles like the Trojan War and Theban War.
  • The fifth race is the Iron Race.
  • This race was made by Zeus.
  • The Iron Race was marred by evil and suffering.
  • They are characterized as wretched and without respect for their parents.
  • They lack respect for tradition and morality.
  • They are consumed by violence, injustice, and lack of empathy.
  • There is a cyclical pattern to the races, not a strictly linear progression.

Origins: The Flood and Rebirth of Human Beings

  • The presentation discusses Hesiod's account of the flood and the subsequent rebirth of humankind.
  • According to Hesiod, "Gods and men are of common origin."
  • Different accounts of the origin of humankind exist in ancient Greek mythology.
  • Some myths suggest the first men sprung from Gaia and Ouranos,
  • Others describe humans as being created from earth and water.

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Description

Explore the intricate themes in Hesiod's works regarding the concept of Strife and the various races of humankind. This quiz delves into the distinctions between good and bad Strife, the characteristics of the Bronze and Silver Races, and the implications of the Age of Iron. Test your knowledge on these significant ideas in ancient Greek literature.

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