Hero's Journey and Greek Heroic Age

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Questions and Answers

What concept did Joseph Campbell develop that explores human experiences through myths?

The Epic of Mortality

The Myth of Creation

The Cycle of Life

The Hero's Journey (correct)

According to Campbell, what do hero myths symbolize?

The cycle of life and death

The inevitability of fate

Divine intervention in human affairs

Personal growth and overcoming challenges (correct)

How did the Greeks view their heroes, in terms of their historical existence?

As entirely fictional figures

As representations of moral virtues

As embodiments of the natural world

As real or semi-divine beings connected to history (correct)

What flaw is commonly associated with Greek heroes that can lead to their downfall?

Hubris Signup and view all the answers

Who is Cadmus, and what city did he establish?

A mythical hero who founded Thebes Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sphinx's riddle that Oedipus had to solve?

What walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening? Signup and view all the answers

What tragic fate befell Oedipus as prophesied?

He would kill his father and marry his mother Signup and view all the answers

Who is the father of Europa's children and what form did he take to abduct her?

Zeus, as a bull Signup and view all the answers

What strategy does Penelope use to test Odysseus' identity?

She recounts the story of their bed. Signup and view all the answers

How does Ovid’s Metamorphoses primarily depict transformations?

As consequences of human actions and stories. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a Roman god mentioned in the content?

Zeus Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statue depicting a wolf nursing Romulus and Remus?

It celebrates the mother of the nation. Signup and view all the answers

Why is Venus depicted as a supportive figure for Aeneas in the Aeneid?

She is his mother, guiding him in his fate. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Romans differ from the Greeks regarding myths?

Romans were more focused on worship than storytelling. Signup and view all the answers

What was Aeneas’ divine destiny related to?

To found the nation of Rome. Signup and view all the answers

How does the death of Maximus in Gladiator reflect both Roman and modern views of heroism?

It highlights the value of gods and the afterlife. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myth in a society, according to the content?

To provide moral values and community identity. Signup and view all the answers

What tragic outcome befalls Dido in her relationship with Aeneas?

She commits suicide due to Aeneas' departure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of Oedipus after years of wandering?

He finds peace and is granted a divine end. Signup and view all the answers

How does Perseus avoid turning to stone while confronting Medusa?

He uses a mirrored shield. Signup and view all the answers

What does Theseus use to navigate the Cretan labyrinth?

Ariande's thread. Signup and view all the answers

What unique characteristic defines the Gorgon Medusa?

Her hair consists of snakes. Signup and view all the answers

What indirectly leads to the death of Heracles' first wife, Megara?

A fit of madness caused by Hera. Signup and view all the answers

How does Bellerophon defeat the Chimera?

By flying on Pegasus and shooting arrows. Signup and view all the answers

What does Acrisius do to prevent the oracle's prophecy regarding his daughter Danaë and grandson Perseus?

He imprisons them in a tower. Signup and view all the answers

What tragic event occurs to Ariadne after assisting Theseus?

She is abandoned by Theseus. Signup and view all the answers

What motivates Heracles to undertake his Twelve Labors?

To atone for killing his family. Signup and view all the answers

How does Perseus come to possess winged sandals?

They are a gift from Hermes. Signup and view all the answers

What is Procrustes known for in mythology?

He has a bed that stretches or cuts travelers. Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the birth of Pegasus?

The blood of Medusa. Signup and view all the answers

How does Theseus escape death in the Underworld?

He is rescued by Heracles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the oracle that prophesies death for Acrisius at the hands of his grandson?

It shows the power of the gods in human affairs. Signup and view all the answers

What tasks must Jason complete to obtain the Golden Fleece?

Plow a field using fire-breathing bulls and sow dragon’s teeth Signup and view all the answers

How does Medea ultimately take vengeance on Jason for his betrayal?

She murders King Creon and his daughter Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Achilles' choice between two fates?

Living a short, glorious life or a long, obscure one Signup and view all the answers

What role does xenia play in the Odyssey?

It outlines the treatment of strangers and guests Signup and view all the answers

Who kills Patroclus and what motivates Achilles to return to battle?

Hector kills Patroclus; revenge for his friend’s death Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the suitors at the end of the Odyssey?

They are killed by Odysseus Signup and view all the answers

Why does Medea kill her own children?

To deny Jason any legacy and inflict maximum pain Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Cassandra during the aftermath of the Trojan War?

She becomes a captive and no one believes her prophecies Signup and view all the answers

Who convinces Odysseus to disguised himself as a beggar upon returning home?

Athena, his protector Signup and view all the answers

How does Jason die in the myth?

Crushed by a rotting beam of the Argo Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the conflict between Agamemnon and Achilles in the Iliad?

Achilles refuses to fight, leading to Greek losses Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately leads to the death of Achilles?

A cursed weapon given to Paris by Apollo Signup and view all the answers

What does Athena, Hera, and Poseidon represent in the Trojan War?

They side with the Greeks in the conflict Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Judgment of Paris' ultimately lead to?

The abduction of Helen and subsequent war Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of the Hero’s Journey as proposed by Joseph Campbell?

A pattern involving birth, death, and rebirth Signup and view all the answers

What flaw is most commonly associated with Greek heroes that can lead to their destruction?

Hubris Signup and view all the answers

How did the Greeks view their heroes in relation to historical events?

They considered heroes as real or semi-divine beings. Signup and view all the answers

What motivates Oedipus to become king of Thebes?

He seeks glory and power after defeating the Sphinx. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary teachings of hero myths according to Joseph Campbell?

To learn how to overcome challenges and find meaning Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Greek heroes as depicted in their myths?

They combine extraordinary abilities with human flaws. Signup and view all the answers

How did Cadmus come to found the city of Thebes?

As instructed by the Oracle of Delphi after following a cow. Signup and view all the answers

What was the pivotal event that led Oedipus to fulfill the prophecy of killing his father?

A chance encounter on the road Signup and view all the answers

What significant role does Penelope's story about their bed play in the narrative?

It tests Odysseus' true identity. Signup and view all the answers

How does Ovid's Metamorphoses differ from traditional Greek myths?

It emphasizes the significance of these changes in people's lives. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Roman god Mars from the Greek god Ares?

Mars is considered the protector of the Roman nation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the foundation myth of Romulus and Remus?

It shows the dramatic rivalry that fuels Rome’s history. Signup and view all the answers

What does Aeneas' epithet 'pius Aeneas' signify in Roman culture?

He prioritizes public duty and familial obligations. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Romans have a different approach to myths compared to the Greeks?

They were more focused on proper worship and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Dido's relationship with Aeneas illustrates a tragic element in Roman storytelling?

Dido falls in love but ultimately faces despair at Aeneas' departure. Signup and view all the answers

How do myths serve a community according to the functions outlined in the content?

They foster individual identities and moral values. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Aeneas and Venus in the Aeneid?

She is Aeneas' mother and supports his fate. Signup and view all the answers

How do Roman myths reflect societal values and behaviors?

They serve as examples for proper Roman behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately leads to Oedipus blinding himself?

His discovery of his true parentage Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the mirrored shield that Perseus receives from Athena?

It enables him to avoid looking directly at Medusa Signup and view all the answers

How does Theseus deal with Procrustes and his bed?

He tricks Procrustes into lying on his own bed Signup and view all the answers

Who is granted a divine and protective spirit status after death?

Oedipus Signup and view all the answers

What is the identity of the being that helps Theseus escape the labyrinth?

Ariadne Signup and view all the answers

What does the oracle predict about Acrisius' fate?

He will be killed by his grandson Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Medusa after her death?

Pegasus is born from her blood Signup and view all the answers

Why does Heracles undertake the Twelve Labors?

To atone for killing his family Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Chimera in mythology?

A monster with a combination of three animals Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately causes the madness that leads Heracles to kill Megara?

A curse from Hera Signup and view all the answers

What action causes the downfall of Jason's relationship with Medea?

His marriage to another woman Signup and view all the answers

What are the Graiae known for?

Sharing one eye and one tooth Signup and view all the answers

How is the Gorgon Medusa typically portrayed in mythology?

As a monstrous figure with snakes for hair Signup and view all the answers

What task does Jason not have to perform to obtain the Golden Fleece?

Capture a golden eagle Signup and view all the answers

How does Medea assist Jason in his quest for the Golden Fleece?

By giving him an ointment for invincibility Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately leads to the downfall of Agamemnon upon his return from Troy?

His wife's betrayal Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Homer’s portrayal of Hector in the Iliad?

He is shown as honorable and heroic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a trait of Odysseus as described in the Odyssey?

Foolhardiness Signup and view all the answers

What role does Telemachus play in the Odyssey?

He follows in his father's footsteps on a journey Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Judgment of Paris' in the Trojan War?

It initiates the war by selecting Helen Signup and view all the answers

Which hero is primarily responsible for the defeat of Hector in the Iliad?

Achilles Signup and view all the answers

What is Helen's ultimate fate at the end of the Trojan War?

She returns to Menelaus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Odysseus when he encounters the Cyclops Polyphemus?

He escapes by blinding Polyphemus Signup and view all the answers

What motivates Medea's vengeful actions against Jason?

A need for revenge after betrayal Signup and view all the answers

How does Priam plead with Achilles in the Iliad?

To spare his son Hector Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of the suitors in the Odyssey?

Odysseus kills them Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in the basic pattern of the hero’s journey?

Birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a trait commonly associated with Greek heroes?

Mortal flaws Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the hubris displayed by heroes like Achilles?

Divine punishment Signup and view all the answers

In what manner did Oedipus fulfill the prophecy given to him?

By marrying his mother Signup and view all the answers

What did Cadmus do after following the oracle’s instructions?

Founded Thebes Signup and view all the answers

Which character was responsible for solving the Sphinx's riddle?

Oedipus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Greek belief in heroes?

They were historical or semi-divine figures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the answer to the Sphinx's riddle?

A human Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason Acrisius wants to eliminate Perseus and Danaë?

An oracle predicts Perseus will kill him. Signup and view all the answers

How does theseus retaliate against the villain Sinus?

He ties Sinus to bent trees, killing him as Sinus did to others. Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately causes Heracles' demise?

A poisoned tunic given by the centaur Nessus. Signup and view all the answers

Who aids Perseus in his quest to kill Medusa?

Athena and Hermes. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of monster is Bellerophon tasked to defeat?

The Chimera. Signup and view all the answers

Why do the Athenians regard Theseus as a good king?

He unified Attica and promoted democracy. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence does Jason face upon his return from the quest for the Golden Fleece?

He is betrayed by Medea. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mirrored shield allow Perseus to do?

Avoid Medusa's petrifying gaze. Signup and view all the answers

How does Heracles prove his extraordinary strength as a child?

By killing two serpents. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the Graiae sisters play in Perseus's quest?

They guide him to Medusa. Signup and view all the answers

What fate befell Icarus as per the myth?

He fell to his death after flying too close to the sun. Signup and view all the answers

What did Danaë conceive from Zeus's visit in golden rain?

Perseus. Signup and view all the answers

What does Medea provide to Jason to help him with Aeetes’ tasks?

A potion for invincibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Symplegades in Jason's quest?

They are clashing rocks that obstruct passage Signup and view all the answers

How does Talus, the bronze giant, meet his end?

His nail is removed, draining his ichor Signup and view all the answers

What role do the Harpies play in the myth of Phineus?

They torment him by stealing his food Signup and view all the answers

What did Medea do to punish Jason for his betrayal?

She killed his family Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of Agamemnon upon his return from Troy?

He is killed by Clytemnestra Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Judgment of Paris' lead to?

The abduction of Helen and subsequent war Signup and view all the answers

Who is Priam in the context of the Trojan War?

King of Troy Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Achilles' anger in the Iliad?

The Greeks begin to lose the war Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately brings Achilles back to the battlefield?

Revenge for Patroclus’ death Signup and view all the answers

What does Odysseus' disguise as a beggar symbolize upon his return home?

His strategy to test loyalty Signup and view all the answers

How is Helen depicted at the end of the Trojan War?

As a loyal wife returning to Menelaus Signup and view all the answers

What type of hero is Odysseus known for being in the Odyssey?

Intelligent and crafty Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Penelope as a heroine in her interaction with Odysseus?

Her clever manipulation through a personal story Signup and view all the answers

What recurring theme is highlighted in Ovid's Metamorphoses regarding transformations?

Transformations occur after significant events within the narratives Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary reason the Romans had fewer myths about their gods compared to the Greeks?

They focused more on proper worship and rituals Signup and view all the answers

How does the relationship between Aeneas and Dido illustrate Roman values of duty?

Aeneas ultimately prioritizes his destiny over his love for Dido Signup and view all the answers

What role did Janus play in Roman mythology?

He represented beginnings and transitions Signup and view all the answers

Why is Aeneas considered a model Roman hero in the context of his epic journey?

He balances personal desire with public duty Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the tale of Romulus and Remus for Roman identity?

It symbolizes the founding of Rome and its values Signup and view all the answers

What crucial function do myths serve in a society, as identified in the content?

They shape individual and community identities Signup and view all the answers

How does Ovid's view on Greek myths differ from the Roman perspective?

He acknowledged their importance but emphasized storytelling power over them Signup and view all the answers

What does the character of Maximus in Gladiator reflect about Roman heroism?

Conflicts between personal desire and social duties Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joseph Campbell, Hero's Journey, and the Greek Heroic Age

Joseph Campbell was a mythologist known for developing the Hero's Journey, a pattern found in many myths.
Hero myths, according to Campbell, represent personal growth and offer guidance for overcoming challenges.
The basic pattern of the hero's journey is birth, death, and rebirth.
Ancient Greeks viewed heroes as real or semi-divine figures with extraordinary abilities, often favored by the gods, who accomplished great deeds and gained fame.
Greek heroes weren't perfect; flaws like hubris (excessive pride) often led to their downfall.
Example: Achilles was admired for bravery, but his pride provoked divine punishment.

Theban Saga & Oedipus the King

Cadmus, instructed by the Oracle, founded Thebes after following a cow.
Europa, a Phoenician princess, was abducted by Zeus and became the mother of Minos and other children.
Oedipus was fated to kill his father and marry his mother.
Oedipus unwittingly fulfilled the prophecy by killing Laius and marrying Jocasta, becoming king of Thebes.
The Sphinx's riddle: "What walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?" (Answer: Man).
Oedipus and Jocasta had four children: Polynices, Eteocles, Antigone, and Ismene.
In Sophocles' Oedipus the King, Oedipus discovers he fulfilled the prophecy and blinds himself in despair.
Oedipus' fate was predetermined by the gods and could not be avoided.
Oedipus died at Colonus, a place where he became a protector spirit.

Perseus, Bellerophon

Perseus, the hero who beheaded Medusa, received a mirrored shield, winged sandals, a sword, and an invisibility cap from the gods.
Danaë became pregnant after Zeus visited her in the form of golden rain.
Acrisius wanted to get rid of Perseus because of an oracle predicting he would kill him.
Medusa was a Gorgon whose gaze turned people to stone; Perseus used a mirrored shield to kill her.
The Graeae were three sisters who shared one eye and one tooth.
Pegasus was born from Medusa's blood, and Bellerophon rode him.
Andromeda was rescued from a sea monster by Perseus and became his wife.
The Chimera was a fire-breathing creature with a lion's head, goat's body, and serpent's tail; Bellerophon killed it on Pegasus.

Theseus

Theseus was connected to Athens, symbolizing its unity and democracy.
Theseus' parents were Aegeus (king of Athens) and Aethra.
Theseus outsmarted and killed the villains Sinis, Pine-bender, and Procrustes, known for stretching or cutting travelers to fit his bed.
In the Cretan labyrinth myth, Daedalus built the labyrinth; Icarus was Theseus' son who died from flying too close to the sun; Minos was the king of Crete; Pasiphaë was Minos' wife and mother of the Minotaur; Minotaur was half-bull, half-monster.
Theseus killed the Minotaur and used Ariadne's thread to escape the labyrinth.
Ariadne, Minos' daughter, helped Theseus but was abandoned on Naxos.
Theseus participated in the Argonautic expedition (some versions).
Athenians revered Theseus for unifying Attica, establishing justice, and promoting democracy.

Heracles/Hercules

Heracles/Hercules was portrayed in art with a lion skin and club.
Heracles' parents were Alcmene and Amphitryon, but his real father was Zeus.
Heracles demonstrated extraordinary strength as a baby, killing serpents.
Hera caused Heracles' madness, prompting him to kill his wife, Megara, and their children.
Heracles performed 12 labors to atone for killing his family.
Heracles' 12 labors included slaying the Nemean Lion, Hydra, Cerynean Hind, Erymanthian Boar, cleaning the Augean Stables, killing Stymphalian birds, capturing the Cretan Bull and the Mares of Diomedes, retrieving the Girdle of Hippolyta, stealing the Cattle of Geryon, retrieving the Apples of Hesperides, and capturing Cerberus from the Underworld.
Heracles rescued Alcestis from death.
A poisoned tunic from the centaur Nessus caused Heracles' death.
Heracles fought Apollo over the Delphic Oracle and later became a god.
Heracles epitomized Greek ideals of resilience, bravery, and overcoming adversity.

Jason, Medea, & the Argonauts

Pelias sent Jason on the quest for the Golden Fleece to eliminate him, as prophesied.
Phrixus and Helle were siblings who survived a golden ram; Phrixus sacrificed the ram, but Helle died.
Chiron was a wise centaur who mentored heroes, such as Jason and Achilles.
The Argo was the ship of the Argonauts on their quest for the Golden Fleece.
Medea, Aeetes' daughter, aided Jason by providing magical help.
Harpies tormented the blind prophet Phineus by stealing his food.
Symplegades were clashing rocks passed by the Argo.
Jason had to yoke fire-breathing bulls, plow a field, and sow dragon's teeth to obtain the Fleece.
Talus, a bronze giant, was vulnerable at his ankle.
Jason's death occurred when a rotting plank of the Argo collapsed on him.
Medea killed Creon and Glauce to punish Jason.
Medea killed her own children to maximize Jason's pain.
Medea escaped on a chariot by her grandfather.

Trojan Saga

Relationship between Agamemnon, Menelaus, Helen, and Clytemnestra: Agamemnon and Menelaus were brothers, and married to Clytemnestra and Helen respectively.
Iphigenia was sacrificed.
Agamemnon's death: Clytemnestra killed him with an axe.
The Judgment of Paris: Paris chose Aphrodite as the fairest goddess.
Leda and Zeus: Leda had relations with Zeus and her children included Helen, Castor, Pollux, and Clytemnestra.
Greek heroes at Troy: Agamemnon, Menelaus, Achilles, Ajax, Diomedes, and Nestor.
Trojan heroes: Hector, Paris, and Aeneas.
Priam and Hecuba were King and Queen of Troy.
Cassandra and Polyxena, daughters of Priam and Hecuba, suffered different fates.
The Trojan War's historicity is debated.
Penthesilea, an Amazon, was killed by Achilles.
Achilles' death: Killed by Paris.
Trojan Horse's role: (Not in the Iliad; relevant in other Greek accounts).

The Iliad

Agamemnon and Achilles' quarrel: Agamemnon demanded Achilles' prize.
Briseis was Achilles' prized possession demanded by Agamemnon.
Gods' allegiances: Athena, Hera, Poseidon, Artemis, Apollo, and Aphrodite sided with various parties.
Thetis asked Zeus for favors for Achilles.
Odysseus, Ajax, and Phoenix tried to persuade Achilles to rejoin the battle.
Patroclus, Achilles' friend, was killed, motivating him to rejoin the war.
Achilles' anger led to the Greeks' losses.
Achilles' return to battle was for revenge.
Helen is portrayed as sympathetic, beautiful, and vital.
Hephaestus forged new armor for Achilles.
Achilles' two fates were to be forgotten or live forever.
Trojans were depicted as honorable and heroic.
Hector was a great Trojan hero, defender of his city.
Priam sought Achilles to get Hector's body for a proper burial.

The Odyssey

Xenia laws were important in the Odyssey as they dictated how to treat strangers.
Telemachus embarked on a journey by desire of Athena to pursue his father's adventures.
Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Orestes are referenced in the Odyssey because their story reflects loyalty and betrayal.
Calypso kept Odysseus on her island; Hermes intervened to secure his release.
Odysseus's adventures: Lotus Eaters, Cyclops, Aeolus, Circe, Underworld, Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis.
Odysseus's time with the Phaeacians: They welcomed and helped him return home.
Odysseus disguised himself as a beggar to test loyalty.
Athena aided Odysseus.
Odysseus is a crafty, intelligent hero, known for his wit.
Eumaeus was a swineherd loyal to Odysseus.
Eurycleia was a loyal servant to Odysseus.
Penelope's bow and arrow contest: A test of strength against suitors.
Suitors and servants met their fates.
Penelope tricked suitors with a story about their bed.
Penelope was a wise and capable queen.

Ovid's Metamorphoses

Ovid's Metamorphoses focused on transformations in mythology.
Roman perspective in Metamorphoses: Ovid expressed a Roman take on mythology through stories.
Themes of love gone wrong or happy endings: Procne/Philomela/Tereus/Itys; Myrrha/Cinyras; Pyramus/Thisbe; Iphis/Ianthe; Pygmalion/Galatea; Baucis/Philemon.

Roman Gods and Myths

Roman and Greek god counterparts were given: Mars/Ares, Jupiter/Zeus, Juno/Hera, Minerva/Athena, Neptune/Poseidon, Vulcan/Hephaestus, Vesta/Hestia, Diana/Artemis, Venus/Aphrodite, Ceres/Demeter, Mercury/Hermes, Apollo/Apollo, Bacchus/Dionysus, Pluto/Hades.
Romans prioritized proper worship.
Janus was the two-faced Roman god.
Isis, an Egyptian goddess, was adopted by the Romans.
Mars' relationship with Rome: Mars was considered the father of the Roman nation and fought only for Rome's defense.
Romans used legends to promote proper behaviors.
Roman foundation myths involve Romulus and Remus and Aeneas.
Rhea Silvia was the mother of Romulus and Remus.
The statue of the wolf nursing twins represented Rome's mother figure.
Romulus was selected over Remus in naming Rome.
Roman Emperor Augustus commissioned Virgil for the Aeneid.
The Aeneid echoes Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Venus supported Aeneas due to her being his mother.
Dido, a Carthaginian queen, fell in love with Aeneas, but their relationship was fated.
Aeneas's divine destiny and significance to Roman identity: His role was substantial to the Roman sense of identity.
Public duty and personal fulfillment in Roman society and its influence on Aeneas's heroism.
Gladiator (2000) aligns Roman ideals of heroes with modern perspectives.

Mythological Functions

Mythical function: Myths tap into important personal and community ideas.
Functions of myths:
- Help individuals with identity.
- Provide community identity.
- Establish moral values.
- Explain the mystery of creation and death.
- Offer meaning and purpose.
- Serve as socially powerful stories.

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Description

Explore the concepts presented by Joseph Campbell regarding the Hero's Journey and its significance in mythology. Delve into the characteristics of Greek heroes and the Theban saga, focusing on Oedipus's tragic fate and the themes of personal growth, divine intervention, and hubris.