Heredity and Evolution Quiz
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

  • Structural support
  • Protein synthesis (correct)
  • Storage of carbohydrates
  • Lipid transportation

Which type of ribosome is found in prokaryotes?

  • 60S
  • 80S
  • 70S (correct)
  • 90S

What is the Golgi Apparatus primarily responsible for?

  • Generating energy
  • Protein synthesis
  • Transporting and packaging proteins (correct)
  • Storing carbohydrates

What type of structures compose the cytoskeleton?

<p>Filamentous protein structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do microbodies contain that can be visualized only under an electron microscope?

<p>Enzymes and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?

<p>Cilia aid in moving the cell or extracellular fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in the storage of oils and fats?

<p>Elaioplasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Svedberg unit (S) associated with in ribosomes?

<p>The size and density of ribosomal subunits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vacuoles in cells?

<p>Storing food, nutrients, and waste products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is common to both cilia and flagella?

<p>Basal body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the structures of eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella?

<p>Eukaryotic flagella contain a central axoneme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the triplets in the structure of centrioles composed of?

<p>Peripheral fibrils of tubulin protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do centrioles play during cell division?

<p>They generate spindle fibres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of flagella?

<p>Nine pairs of peripheral microtubules with central microtubules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are radial spokes in the context of flagella's structure?

<p>They connect central microtubules to peripheral pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cell membrane?

<p>A double membrane of lipids and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of histones in eukaryotic cells?

<p>They facilitate the structure of chromatin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of heterochromatin?

<p>Regions with lower transcriptional activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which histone protein is known to be very rich in lysine and has a molecular weight of 21,500?

<p>H1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes exist as thin, coiled, thread-like structures?

<p>Interphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-histone proteins differ from histones in eukaryotic cells?

<p>They assist in DNA and RNA synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>Photosynthesis using chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the 'Power House of The Cell'?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of lysosomes in a cell?

<p>Digestion and waste removal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is involved in detoxification and lipid production?

<p>Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus within a cell?

<p>Controls cell activity and genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance primarily composes the cytoplasm of a cell?

<p>A jelly-like solution of water and nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are plastids primarily involved in?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Intracellular transport and secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant reason that cells remain small in size?

<p>To maintain a favorable surface area to volume ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are involved in cell movement for prokaryotic cells?

<p>Flagella made of flagellin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells typically undergo?

<p>Mitosis and meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eukaryotic chromosomes from prokaryotic chromosomes?

<p>Eukaryotic cells usually have more than one chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ribosomes differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic ribosomes consist of 50S and 30S subunits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about organelles in prokaryotic cells is accurate?

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bounded structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are eukaryotic cells generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

<p>Larger volume supports more complex functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary chromosomes that control somatic characteristics in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Autosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structures are absent in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Membrane-bounded organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the chromosome number in gametes?

<p>Haploid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding allosomes?

<p>They determine sex in some organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symmetrical structures of a chromosome at mitotic metaphase known as?

<p>Chromatids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the thin filaments representing chromatids in early stages of condensation?

<p>Chromonema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the non-genetic materials surrounding the chromosome, found at metaphase?

<p>Matrix (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells contain?

<p>Two sets (2n) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements incorrectly describes the function of the centromere?

<p>It appears during anaphase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amyloplasts

Organelles that store carbohydrates like starch in potatoes.

Aleuroplasts

Organelles that store proteins.

Elaioplasts

Organelles that store oils and fats.

What are ribosomes?

Non-membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, with slight size differences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A membrane-bound organelle that modifies, packages and transports proteins and lipids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are microbodies?

Small, membrane-bound organelles found in both plant and animal cells. They contain enzymes for various functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cytoskeleton?

A network of protein filaments present in the cytoplasm. It provides shape, mechanical resistance, and helps in cell movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are cilia?

Hair-like projections outside the cell wall that aid in movement, either of the cell or the surrounding liquids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

The ratio of a cell's surface area to its volume. This ratio affects how efficiently nutrients can enter and waste products can exit the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Size Limit

When a cell grows too large, its surface area to volume ratio decreases, making it difficult for the cell to exchange materials with its environment. To maintain efficient functioning, the cell needs to divide.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell Size

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. This difference in size is related to their different functions and structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, ensuring that each cell has the same surface area to volume ratio and can function effectively.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Area to Volume Ratio and Cell Division

The principle that governs cell division, ensuring that the surface area to volume ratio remains favorable for efficient material exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Membrane Function

The primary function of the cell membrane is to control what enters and exits the cell, ensuring optimal conditions for cell functioning. This is directly related to the surface area to volume ratio, as a larger surface area allows for faster material exchange.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Eukaryotic cells have a greater complexity in their structure compared to prokaryotic cells. This complexity involves a specialized compartmentalization of functions within membrane-bound organelles, which optimizes efficiency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Organelles and Efficiency

The membrane-bound organelles within eukaryotic cells allow for a greater division of labor, improving the efficiency of cell functions. This is essential for larger, more complex eukaryotic cells to function optimally.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is an Axoneme?

A core structure found in cilia and flagella, composed of nine pairs of peripheral microtubules arranged in a circle, and a central pair of microtubules.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Flagella?

Longer, whip-like projections on the surface of cells that enable movement, usually of the cell itself.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Centriole?

A small, cylindrical structure located near the nucleus of animal cells, involved in organizing microtubules and spindle fibers during cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Centrosome?

A pair of centrioles, perpendicular to each other, found in animal cells. It plays a crucial role in cell division by forming spindle fibers that separate chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Vacuole?

A membrane-bound organelle found in both plant and animal cells, primarily used for storage of food, water, and waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Tonoplast?

The membrane surrounding a vacuole, responsible for regulating what enters and exits the vacuole.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a Radial Spoke?

A structure that connects the peripheral microtubule pairs to the central sheath in the axoneme.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are chloroplasts?

These organelles are the sites of photosynthesis, containing the green pigment chlorophyll.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cytoplasm?

This jelly-like substance is the main site of a cell's metabolic activities, containing water, dissolved nutrients, and waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

This network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm is involved in detoxification, lipid and protein production, and forms the cell's skeletal framework.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are lysosomes?

These tiny, single-membrane bound organelles are filled with digestive enzymes, helping in breaking down waste and worn-out cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are mitochondria?

This oval-shaped, double-membrane bound organelle is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the nucleus?

This double-membrane bound organelle is the largest in the cell and contains all the genetic information, controlling cell activities and heredity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are peroxisomes?

These membrane-bound organelles are involved in lipid metabolism and the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heterochromatin

The tightly packed, condensed form of DNA in chromosomes that stains darkly during cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Euchromatin

The loosely packed, extended form of DNA in chromosomes that stains lightly during cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Histones

The basic proteins that bind to DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes, helping to condense and package DNA into a compact, stable form.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chromatin Remodeling

The process of changing the structure of chromatin to regulate gene expression.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chromomeres

Bead-like structures along interphase chromosomes, formed by tightly packaged DNA and histones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autosomes

Chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells that control all bodily characteristics except sex determination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Allosomes

Chromosomes responsible for determining sex characteristics in organisms, like X and Y chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haploid (n)

The number of chromosomes present in the gametes (sex cells), which is half the number in somatic cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diploid (2n)

The number of chromosomes present in somatic (body) cells, which is double the number in gametes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chromatids

The two symmetrical structures that make up a chromosome during mitosis, each containing one DNA molecule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chromonema

The thin filaments that represent a chromatid in its uncondensed state, found during prophase.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Matrix

The achromatic (non-staining) substance that encloses the chromonemata in the chromosome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pellicle

The outer covering of the chromosome, also a non-genetic material. It's believed to exchange material with the nucleolus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Heredity and Evolution

  • Heredity is the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next.
  • Genetic information is passed through genes, which are segments of DNA.
  • Heritable traits are characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring. These include physical, physiological, behavioral traits and disease susceptibility.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

BIO101 Lecture Note (1) PDF

Description

Test your understanding of heredity and evolution with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as genetic information, genes, and heritable traits. See how well you can identify the mechanisms behind the transfer of traits from parents to offspring.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser