Chapter 25

<p>To continue the policies of the Coolidge administration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the economy would naturally recover without intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ongoing prosperity and hope for future growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimal government intervention in business (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A worsening of the economic crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative press about speculation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buying stocks on margin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A brief downturn in the market (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They conspired to keep stock prices high by buying blue chip stocks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The country was on a sound and prosperous basis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Great Miami Hurricane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>381 points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 16 million shares (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread bankruptcies and financial losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celebrating with heavy drinking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sought excuses to maintain their speculation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A live parrot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retail stock brokerage firms catering to average investors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary stability followed by a steeper decline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote home and farm ownership (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stock market crash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of Ponzi schemes and reckless investments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An old-age pension program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By invalidating private oil leases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It encouraged optimism and risky investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soldiers returning from war (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By lowering interest rates and easing bank reserve requirements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leading food relief efforts for Belgium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-risk investments were seen as likely to generate wealth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expansion of employment opportunities in federal government (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist farmers with price supports (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He remained a popular figure prior to the crash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in unsecured loans and easy credit access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread unemployment and financial ruin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their stocks were sold immediately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor income distribution among Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The contagion effect of panic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From $64 billion to $30 billion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By lowering limits on cash reserves for banks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those who speculated with minimal funds like grocery money. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They owed large debts to U.S. banks and could not repay. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over-dependence on speculative buying. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many banks failed due to insufficient cash reserves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confidence that prosperity would continue forever. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many people lost their jobs as businesses struggled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of savings due to bank failures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Savvy investors who timed their exit well. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many banks failed as a result of bank runs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automotive and construction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stood half empty for years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both marriage and birth rates declined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Workers experienced drastic wage reductions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A slowdown in car purchases by Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By forming long lines for food and basic necessities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hiding cash in unconventional places. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was fundamentally sound. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unemployment rates tripled. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stored it in secure locations at home. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited purchasing by consumers became evident. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulnerable members of society such as children and minorities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elderly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Police officers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He opposed handouts, seeing them as detrimental. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal responsibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Underestimating the severity of the situation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small-scale, specific aid programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stubbornness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1931 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They possessed a strong moral character. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He warned against it but did not take strong action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist those in need through local efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He left office with low approval ratings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are capable of overcoming challenges individually. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging individual self-reliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist state and private relief agencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He believed in limited government intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He refused it due to concerns over state and federal power balance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Setting aside $2 billion in taxpayer money (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It primarily lent money to banks with sufficient collateral. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of shantytowns named after him (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donate funds to support relief efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct food aid to the impoverished (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women often faced resistance from husbands and employers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He donated an average of $25,000 annually to relief organizations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Escalation of public protests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>African Americans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nearly 750,000 family farms disappeared. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They relied heavily on voluntary relief from businesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional jobs typically held by women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Federal aid fosters dependency among individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It excluded those who had speculated and lost. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of maintaining wages during the crisis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High competition for limited job opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing demand drove prices down. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They struggled to assist the large number of people in need. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many families relied on soup kitchens and charitable organizations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of employed women increased significantly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burning corn for heat during the winter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Twenty-six states enacted laws against hiring married women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They viewed employment as more suitable for men. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A commitment to laissez-faire principles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His handling of the Bonus Army crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused him to overlook the need for collective solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain the policies of prosperity and minimal government interference (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His failure to provide adequate direct aid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A violent demonstration by unemployed Ford workers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bonus Army (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They forcibly removed the veterans and fired into the crowd (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To raise agricultural prices artificially (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Violence ensued and many were harmed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bidding pennies on foreclosed lands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hoovervilles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barricading roads into markets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child died from a tear gas canister (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engaging in labor strikes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutting worker wages sharply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of police brutality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The forcible removal of veterans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>African Americans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breadlines and soup kitchens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refused involvement due to ideological reasons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of community in adversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They moved in with relatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By emphasizing community support against corruption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An expression of disillusionment with the American dream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They scavenged for food and went hungry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dance and musical films featuring cheerful narratives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Borrowing from family and friends (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An emphasis on community welfare and family life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread foreclosures among farmers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rural and urban poor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fighting against a corrupt political system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Declining marriage rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited access to relief programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They sought entertainment that reflected their struggles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared clothing among family members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They perceived them as the 'deserving poor' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plight of a small-town business owner facing a bank run (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new form of musical featuring advanced choreography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acts of Man (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A surge in contraceptive sales and acceptance of premarital sex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tapped into neighbors’ electricity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It became part of a political campaign as a symbol of hope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sense of hope and resilience among communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread layoffs and unemployment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Scottsboro Boys trial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous overproduction of wheat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>African Americans faced increased competition and were often laid off. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The all-White jury convicted without sufficient evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Court found that due process was denied. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant drop in commodity prices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offered to handle the defense and sought a retrial. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forced migration and abandonment of farms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The year the Supreme Court ruled in their favor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It laid groundwork for the modern civil rights movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Widespread protests from academics and social reformers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosperity due to good growing conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The culture of racism and violence was often ignored. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe drought and poor farming practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Livestock died or had to be sold due to lack of feed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displaced farmers from the Great Plains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1935 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crop rotation and fallowing of fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreclosure on farms by large banks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dust pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major urban banks took over local banks after foreclosures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improper land management and overproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreclosure auctions forcing desperate sales (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Grapes of Wrath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A feeling of divine punishment for their actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were permanently damaged and ruined (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black blizzards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shrank international trade due to retaliatory tariffs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Hoover Moratorium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He prioritized education and assimilation for African Americans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure to address widespread poverty adequately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-recognition of territories acquired through force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withdrew troops from Haiti and Nicaragua. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resulted in Hoover losing the 1932 election. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To strengthen diplomatic relations with Latin America. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His commitment to individualism over collective welfare. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing on self-sufficiency and education for Native Americans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enactment of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was blamed for inaction and failures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It failed to address domestic issues effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on diplomatic relations over military action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hoover's presidency occurred during the onset of the Great Depression, marked by economic hardship and the failure of Hoover's moderate policies to address the crisis.

A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and lasted through the 1930s.

A significant stock market decline, a factor contributing to the Great Depression.

Hoover's policies advocated limited government intervention in the economy, stressing individual responsibility and a belief in the self-regulating nature of markets.

The period of economic success preceding the Great Depression, often cited as a benchmark for the economic conditions that Hoover inherited.

The belief that the economy functions best when individuals and businesses are primarily responsible for their success or failure

Actions taken by the government, in this case limited, to influence the economy.

A chain reaction of negative economic events that cause further problems

October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed.

A dramatic decline in stock prices, leading to significant financial losses.

From 64 to 30 Billion dollar loss of the market during certain time period.

Banks struggled due to stock market crash and the ensuing economic downturn.

Mass selling of stocks, fueled by fear, worsening the crash.

Few individuals had substantial savings to weather market fluctuations.

Vast wealth gap in 1920s, limited buyers for stocks.

Economic troubles, like debt from WWI, strained global financial system.

Questionable Federal Reserve policies regarding banking practices contributed to the crisis.

Fear and selling in the stock market spread rapidly.

Risky investments, like using savings for stock bets.

Numerous banks closed after losing their investments in the stock market.

The Federal Reserve lowered the required cash reserves for banks.

A belief in the unique position and success of the US economy.

The devastating consequences, including bank failures and loss of savings.

President Hoover aimed to create a nation of homeowners and farm owners, ensuring security against death, accident, unemployment, and old age.

Hoover coordinated relief for people affected by the Boxer Rebellion in China and World War I, particularly the Belgians.

Hoover initiated civil service reform (expanded employment opportunities), invalidated oil leases, cracked down on organized crime (Al Capone), and created programs for farmers and the poor.

A government agency created to help farmers with government price supports.

Significant decline in stock market values in the fall of 1929, leading to financial ruin for many.

A severe economic downturn spanning the decade following the 1929 crash, impacting many Americans.

Only a small percentage of Americans held stock investments.

Factors like risky investments, easy credit, and government policies contributed to the crash.

A period of optimism and speculation in the 1920s, fueled by easy credit and low interest rates.

The Federal Reserve's low interest rates and relaxed reserve requirements increased the money supply which boosted investment.

Fraudulent investment schemes that used new investors' money to pay off older investors.

Investment in high-risk ventures with hopes of quick profits.

Advertisements in the 1920s promoted optimism, opportunity, and prosperity.

A real estate speculation frenzy in Florida in the 1920s, where land was bought and sold with little concern for its actual value.

Easy access to loans and credit for investments.

A brief economic downturn that occurred after World War I.

Overinflated real estate values in California, Florida, and other regions leading to a sudden and dramatic collapse of prices.

Investing in assets with the hopes of making quick and large profits, often at significant risk.

A significant and rapid decline in the stock market in October 1929, leading to massive losses for investors and considered the start of the Great Depression.

Purchasing stocks using borrowed money, promising to pay it back later, a tactic that can both amplify gains, and losses if stock values fall.

October 24, 1929, when the New York Stock Exchange lost 11% of its value in one day.

October 29, 1929, the day of the most significant decline in the stock market.

A measure of stock prices of 30 major industrial companies in the US.

Excessive speculation causing a market bubble, ultimately leading to a collapse.

Aggressive sales tactics used to persuade people to make investments, usually with exaggeration and urgency.

Brokerage firms that cater to average investors rather than institutions.

Simultaneous selling of shares as panic sets in, which drives prices down faster.

Stocks of large, well-established companies considered to be low risk, and stable.

One broker fainted on the trading floor from exhaustion during Black Tuesday.

Professionals in finance who are consultants for larger investment strategies that frequently help corporations or institutional investors navigate complex financial decisions.

Financial district in New York City which is the center of the global financial markets.

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from the late 1920s through the 1930s.

The stock market crash led to widespread bank failures and investor losses, triggering a severe economic downturn.

People withdrawing money from banks, fearing bank failure, causing more banks to fail.

Automotive and construction industries suffered significant declines in investment and jobs after the crash.

Reduced consumer spending due to economic hardship decreased business growth and hiring.

Unemployment rose dramatically from 1.5 million to 4.5 million in 1930 due to economic struggles.

Many people who lost jobs didn't publicly beg for help.

Unemployed men waited in lines for free meals in cities.

Marriage and birth rates decreased during the Depression, disrupting family life and creating more challenges.

Children in rural areas had different experiences of the Great Depression than those in cities.

Wages declined, even for companies like Ford, affecting the working class.

The economic downturn worsened throughout 1930, but the full extent of the damage wasn't yet apparent.

The government's response to the Great Depression was limited initially, meaning that businesses laid off workers and tore down employee housing to avoid paying property taxes.

A rapid and significant decline in economic activity.

Excessiveness of purchasing good in the hopes of building wealth or status.

Some people exchanged their dollars for gold and tried to send it out of the country.

During the Great Depression, people made their own clothes due to economic hardship.

Creative shoe repair methods included using cardboard for soles.

Estimated 200,000 children became homeless due to family breakdown during the Depression.

Women sought work, but faced resistance from men and employers.

Some schools and companies banned married women from working.

Women often had jobs like secretaries, telephone operators, social workers.

African Americans had unemployment rates higher than white Americans, 2-3 times.

Rural African Americans faced amplified poverty during the Depression.

Demand for crops decreased, leading to lower prices and farm debt.

Many farmers lost their homes due to inability to repay debts to the banks.

Term for those who lost wealth due to circumstances, not mistakes.

Charities and religious institutions helped some, but resources limited.

State and city financial help wasn't enough and inconsistently implemented.

The Hoover Administration largely relied on private charities for relief during the Depression

Thousands of family farms disappeared between 1930-1935 due to foreclosure.

Shantytowns built by the homeless during the Great Depression, often named after President Herbert Hoover.

World War I veterans who protested in Washington D.C. for early payment of their promised bonuses.

A 1932 protest march by unemployed Ford workers to the Ford factory.

A group of farmers who protested against low crop prices and foreclosures.

An empty pants pocket turned inside out, a symbol of poverty during the Great Depression.

President Hoover's response to the Bonus Army protest, who faced violent removal by military forces.

A severe worldwide economic downturn spanning the 1930s.

Informal settlements built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

Public displays of dissatisfaction or disagreement with the conditions of the Great Depression

A payment promised to World War I veterans.

The demands made by the World War I veterans who protested in Washington D.C.

The difficulties, lack of prosperity, and struggle associated with the Great Depression.

A rise in the number of people without jobs during the Great Depression.

Hoover initially tried to avoid direct government intervention, relying on voluntary actions by businesses and individuals to stabilize the economy.

Hoover held meetings with industrial leaders to encourage them to maintain wages and production.

Congress passed a $160 million tax cut to boost incomes during the initial stages of the crash.

A government agency created to assist, not directly help, those in need through state and private agencies.

A government agency established to loan money to banks and businesses in 1932 to boost financial confidence.

Direct provision of necessities like food and shelter to those affected by the crisis.

Hoover emphasized individualism and voluntary efforts over direct government aid for economic recovery.

Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

A bill proposed in Congress in 1931 to provide $375 million in federal aid to relieve the suffering, but Hoover opposed it.

The RFC primarily loaned money to large banks with sufficient collateral, neglecting small banks.

A 1932 act authorizing the RFC to fund public works projects but with limitations on types of projects.

The RFC's focus on loans to established financial institutions and limited types of public works projects hindered its effectiveness in providing genuine relief.

Hoover's resistance to direct government aid contributed to significant unpopularity, ultimately leading to his loss in the election.

Despite his stance against government aid, Hoover made significant personal contributions to relief efforts.

The economic hardships of the 1930s exposed the limitations of Hoover's approach to the crisis.

A period in the 1930s in the central US where severe dust storms devastated agricultural lands.

Crop prices plummeted, farmlands were lost to foreclosure, and severe drought made farming impossible in the Great Plains.

Federal government aid to the needy was very restricted during the Great Depression.

Widespread failure of crops due to drought and dust storms.

African Americans faced more discrimination and less employment opportunities than white Americans during the Great Depression.

Livestock perished or were sold due to lack of feed during the drought.

Long lines of people seeking food assistance. These were common sights in cities during the Depression.

A new illness caused by inhaling dust from the frequent dust storms.

Documented cases of starvation were reported, especially during the Great Depression.

Massive loss of topsoil due to wind erosion during the dust storms.

Hoover's reputation drastically worsened as the Great Depression deepened and his attempts to solve it failed.

Farmers lost their farms due to inability to pay off loans, especially to larger banks.

Farmers who were displaced from the Great Plains due to the Dust Bowl and economic hardship.

Families depleted savings, exhausted insurance, and borrowed from family and friends.

Thousands lost their homes and became homeless due to poverty and eviction during the Great Depression.

Producing more crops than the market could absorb, leading to falling prices.

The prices of agricultural products, which declined significantly in the 1930s.

Children suffered the most hardship during the Great Depression, facing hunger and malnutrition.

People resorted to desperate actions like prioritizing food for family members and scavenging for edible scraps to survive.

Many small country banks failed due to inability of farmers to repay loans; many were swallowed up by larger banks.

Existing charities didn't have the resources to effectively aid everyone affected by the Great Depression.

Farmers giving up their land due to the devastating conditions.

Methods like crop rotation and fallow periods that were not used, causing soil degradation.

Federal relief efforts during the Great Depression were extremely limited, proving insufficient to address the widespread suffering.

Interviews with Americans during the Great Depression revealed the extreme personal struggles, and hardships faced during the era.

The Dust Bowl was a combination of drought, dust storms, and farming practices that caused widespread damage.

African Americans faced heightened racial discrimination, resulting in worse economic conditions than white Americans.

Large percentages of rural and farm families remained impoverished by 1939, showing the lingering impact of the Great Depression.

Hoover's initial reaction to the Great Depression focused on voluntary action and limited government intervention, relying on Americans' resilience and businesses to resolve the crisis.

Hoover's philosophy that favored minimal government involvement in the economy, believing markets would correct themselves.

Hoover's strategy to encourage businesses to keep workers employed and individuals to endure hardship during the Depression through self-reliance.

Lack of social safety nets left the elderly particularly exposed and heavily reliant on family support during the Depression.

The Great Depression led to widespread poverty, unemployment, and hardship, straining social safety nets and causing immense suffering.

Hoover initially underestimated the scope of the Depression and provided insufficient government aid.

Excessive buying and selling of stocks without regard to their actual value, creating risky and unstable market conditions.

Local groups, like teachers and police in NYC and Chicago, initiated community aid programs to assist the destitute during the Depression.

President Hoover was unprepared for the scale of the Depression, resulting in a slow and inadequate response.

A belief in individual responsibility and self-reliance, which was a principle in American society and profoundly influenced Hoover's policies.

Absence of significant government intervention in the stock market during this period. No stock market regulation existed as a standard response.

Hoover's aid programs had limited scope and were narrowly targeted, reaching only a small section of the affected population.

The public's dissatisfaction with Hoover's limited government response to the Depression grew as conditions worsened.

Hoover departed from office with a remarkably low approval rating, reflecting widespread public discontent and disapproval of his presidency

The societal structure designed to support the elderly and destitute was absent or absent in areas of need.

During the Great Depression, plummeting agricultural prices led to reduced wages or job loss for farm workers.

Landlords evicted sharecroppers due to financial hardship during the Great Depression.

By 1932, approximately half of all Black Americans were unemployed, also facing job discrimination.

Racial violence, like lynchings, rose during the 1930s, especially in the South.

Nine Black boys wrongly accused of rape in Alabama in 1931, leading to a highly publicized case.

The Scottsboro case exposed the racial bias and flawed justice system in the United States.

A severe drought and dust storms across the Great Plains in the 1930s.

Farmers' expansion increased production, depleted soil, leading to problems.

Farmers were affected more than any other group in the US during the Great Depression.

Farming boomed leading up to World War I (and immediately after), farmers took on large debts during this period.

Agricultural commodity prices decreased significantly in 1929.

A major drought beginning in 1931 worsened agricultural conditions and led to the Dust Bowl.

Dust storms severely impacted the Great Plains environment and peoples' lives in the Dust Bowl.

Difficulty organizing civil rights action during the Great Depression made it hard to address racism and violence.

Films in the 1930s that reflected on community and family values, or offered escapism from hardship.

A 1940 film depicting the Joad family's journey from Oklahoma to California in search of a better life.

Films that often featured the 'everyman' fighting against corruption and injustice, particularly in banking and corporations.

A popular song from the 1930s, expressing the struggles of the common man during the Depression.

Entertainment during the Depression, including films and songs, provided an escape from reality.

A comedic movie group that provided entertainment during hard times.

A child actress who was popular during the Depression, bringing youthful charm to audiences.

A famous dance duo providing dazzling entertainment during the Depression.

A series of movies focused on a small-town judge and his son, promoting traditional American values to viewers.