Untitled Quiz

Articulationes

• Articulationes degenerative:
  • Articulationes cartilage perdita
  • Osteophytos
  • Articulationes restringimento
  • Processo articulare hytrophied
  • Ligamento flava bulging
• Articulationes degenerative symptomas:
  • Rigido, dolore, grincante, tumore
  • Articulationes columna vertebral:
    • Cervo:
      • Capite dolores, radiculopathia (unilateral)
    • Thoraxe:
      • Radiculopathia
    • Lumbus:
      • Claudication neurogenic - Lumbosacral dolore, numbness, debilitate aggravate per stare e caminar
    • Articulationes sacroiliaca:
    • Coxa:
      • Inguine
    • Tibiofemoral:
      • Caminar, scala, stare, peso-portar
    • Patellofemoral:
      • Flexione
      • Dolore de compression, debilitate quadriceps reducite
      • Sub o circum articulationes
    • Talus
    • Acromioclavicular
    • Glenohumeral
    • Sternoclavicular
    • Radio-ulnar
    • Radiocarpal
    • Carpometacarpal

Hernias

• Worse in flexion
• Central - myelopathia
• Lateral - radiculopathia
  • Cervo (C5,6,7):
    • Cervo e brachio dolore, paresthesias
  • Thoraxe:
    • Pariete torax, epigastrio, brachio dolore, quando ininguine e infera extremitate
  • Lumbus
    • Lumbosacral dolore

Stenosis

• Osteoarthritis, discos, cysts spinal, fracturas e tumores
  • Cervo:
    • Cervo dolore, N/T, debilitate, equilibro, functione reducite
    • Alleviation quando in avanti se inclina/se sede
  • Thoraxe:
  • Lumbus:
    • Sensate de pesante in pedes, cramping, pejor in stare/caminar

Facette syndrome

• Worse con extension e lateralis flexion/rotation
  • Cervo:
    • Cervo dolore, rigiditate, radiculopathia, capite dolores
  • Thoraxe:
  • Lumbus:

Radiculopathia

• Perdita de sensate, dolore and debilitate
  • C5 - humero, abduction
  • C6 - brachio, cubito flexion e polso extension
  • C7 - brachio inferior, cubito extension e polso flexion
  • C8 - brachio inferior, digitos prehendere, pollice extension
  • T1 - brachio medial e antebrachio, pollice abduction
  • T - torso, intercostal debilitate
  • L1 - inguine, flexion
  • L2 - antera femur, flexion e abduction
  • L3 - femur, debilitate genu extension e dorsiflexion
  • L4 - femur e medial crus, debilitate digitos extension, medial crus e pede
  • L5 - lateral crus, dorsum de pede
  • S1 - posterior crus, plantar flexion, lateral pede
  • S2 - posterior crus, debilitate genu flexion, posterior femur e medial crus
  • S3-5 - perineal, vesica, debilitate pelve pavimento

Myelopathia

• Signes de neurone superior: spasticitate, hyperreflexia, Babinski, debilitate ### Cardiovascular disease
• Vertigo, capite dolores, torax dolore, SOB, mandibula/humero dolore ### Vertebral Basilar Insufficiency
• Vertigo, dysphagia, diplopia, dysarthria, ataques de cadence, nausea, nystagmus, numbness, ataxia

Arthritis Rheumatoid

• Autoimmune inflammatory disease where antibodies attack synovium (smaller joints-hands then knees)
  • Tumore, rigiditate, calor, musculo wasting, bilateral

Ankylosing Spondylitis

• Synovitis, fibro-osseous inflammation, annulus fibrosis ossification

Spondylolisthesis

• Congenital, spondylolysis, degenerative, traumatic, pathological, post-surgical - 5 grades
  • Dolore, radiculopathia, N/W, rigiditate, postura
  • Deformitate de passo, hamstring stricture, spasmos

Tendinopathy

• Overuse, etate, diabetes, postura, alignment
  • Tendinitis: acute inflammation
  • Tendinosis: degeneration
  • Insertional: local al insertion
  • Non-insertional: diffuse al tendine
  • Lente onset, aucta con activiate, rigiditate, tumore, sensibilitate, crepitus, debilitate
  • EG: patella tendinopathy test genu extension = dolore e debilitate
  • Si non dolore ma debilitate - indicative de nervo o musculo

Calcific Tendinopathy

• Most often supraspinatus
  • Sudden onset, constante e severe
  • Acute/burnante anterior/superior de humero, nocturne dolore, sporadic patterns

Degenerative Scoliosis

• Standing/caminar, radiculopathia, postura
  • Fatigue, dolore, imbalance muscular, ROM, migraines

Lumbosacral Strain

• Grade 1-3 ### Articulationes Sacroiliaca Dysfunction ### Iliolumbar Ligamento
• Trauma, repetitive stress, postura, pelve instabile
  • Flexione e lateralis flexion

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

• Vascular - subclavian - tumore, discoloration, frigiditate, dolore/cramping con activiate, sanguis coagulo
• Neurogenic (95%) - N/T/W, dolore, musculo wasting
  • Cervo coste, postura, trauma, graviditate, repetitive trauma ###  Intercostal Neuralgia
  • Inhalation coste compression
  • Radiculopathia, N/T, appetito reducite ### Tietze Syndrome
  • Costochondral junction
  • Inhalation, SOB, rotation e lateralis flexion reducite ### Precordial Catch Syndrome
  • Thorax nervos compressed via pleura irritation
  • 6 - 12, sub mamilla ### Herpes Zoster
  • Varicella zoster dormant, maculopapular rash

Costovertebral Joint Syndrome

• Costovertebral joint derangement / partial dislocation ### Post Herpetic Neuralgia
• Zoster dolore 3+ menses
• Hyperalgesia, allodynia, burnante, prurite, unilateral ### Pancreatitis
• Biliare calculos + alcohol
• Abdo P, vomito = organo failure

Osteitis Pubis

• Overuse, ant/med inguine
• Activiate aggravates ### Iliopsoas Bursitis
• Anterior coxa, snapping, extendente crus dolore, quando radicular entrapping femoral nervo ### Ischiogluteal Bursitis
• Prolonged se sede, possibile irradiation

Trochanteric Bursitis

• Greater trochanter, se jacente al latero

### Meralgia Parasthetica

• Lateral femoral cutaneous nervo compressed per inguinal ligamento
• Obesitate, diabetes, senectute
  • Dysesthesia, dolore, N/T ### Coccydynia
• Abnormal mobilitate = inflammation + degeneration
• graviditate

### Piriformis Syndrome ### Gluteal Tendinopathy

• Greater trochanter dolore ### Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)
• Capite pinches socket + labrum
  • WoPINCER
  • MeCAM
  • Inguine dolore, post activiate, rigiditate ### Iliotibial Band Syndrome
• Colles
  • Inter gerdy tubercle + lateral epicondyle
  • Varum / valgus
  • Dolore al reposo e pote resultar in PFP syndrome ###  Genu ### Meniscal Tear
• Bucket handle - true-locking ### (Lateral) Meniscal Cyst (usually)
  • trauma ### Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
  • Dull ache, generalisate
  • Cinema signo ### Osteochondritis Dissecans
• Avascular fragmento de osse sub cartilage separate
  • 15 - 20
  • Cede, locking, tender condyle, quadriceps wasted
  • Patella
  • Talus ### Chondromalacia
• Stress, malalignment, trauma, wear & tear, imbalance, obesitate
  • Sharp, localisate
  • Hyaline cartilage de trochlear groove breakdown
  • Abnormal forma, malalignment, dislocation, vastus medialis
  • Ant genu dolore, quadriceps wasted, ascendente scala aggravates, cinema signo, crepitus ### Pes Anserinus Bursitis
  • Medial, juste sub joint linea, acute o ache, pejor con activiate, sensibilitate, tumore
  • Flexione e extension aggravates, nocturne dolore
  • Minus commun catching

### Patella Maltracking

• Imbalance patella + trochlea = cartilage perdita + OA
• VMO, instabile, dislocations, genu valgum, patella alta, anteversion, dysplasia
• Anterior genu dolore, acute, pejor con activiate ### Infrapatellar Fat Pad Syndrome - Inferior patella - Tumore, sensibilitate, pejor con activiate, nocturne dolore - HOFFA’s test (se sede 90 grados, pressione infrapatellar, patiente extende crus) - Plantar fat pad syndrome (calx) - Flexione relieves ### Ligamento Strain - Lateral - Medial - Anterior - Posterior ### Anterior
• Prepatellar bursitis - carpet layers
• Infrapatellar bursitis ### Posterior - Semimembranosus bursa - Popliteal/baker cyst - - Popliteal aneurysm ### Lateral
• Meniscus cyst ### Medial
• Calcification MCL ### Synovial Chondromatosis
• Cartilaginous nodules form within synovium, which detach
  • Profunde, ache, intermittente, progressive
  • Locking, catching, instabile
  • Tumore, crepitus

Talus

### Tendinopathy

• Insertional
• non-insertional
• Patella: local inferior patella ### Tendon Rupture
  • Achilles
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Tibialis anterior ### ATFL sprain ### CFL sprain ### Retrocalcaneal Bursitis ### Calcaneal Bursitis ### Metatarsalgia ### Plantar Fasciitis ### Interdigital Neuritis ### Gout
• Diet & alcohol (uric acido)
• Allopurinol ### Pseudogout
• Calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate ### Tendinitis
  • Achilles
  • Biceps
  • Supraspinatus
  • Calcific - plus sudden onset, nocturne dolore ### Tenosynovitis
  • Talus
  • Polso

Avascular Necrosis Talus

### Sesamoiditis ### Tarsal Tunnel

• Post tibial nervo ### Freiberg’s ### Stress Fracture ### Humero ### Subacromial Impingement
  • Bursitis
  • Tendinitis ### Rotator Cuff Tear
  • Sudden acute onset, resultante dull dolore pejor con activiate ### Biceps Tear
• Long capite pathology commun associate con humero flexion
• Short capite pathology commun associate con cubito flexion e supination ### Adhesive Capsulitis
• Contracted
  • Diabetes, immobilitate, thyroid, autoimmune
• Inflammatory - onset de dolore e crescente rigiditate (2-9 menses)
• Adhesive - rigiditate, dolore pote diminuir (4-12 menses)
• Resolution - lente melioramento (5-26 menses) ### Instabile
  • Anterior is most commun
  • Jactar o levar, instabile ### Capsular Tears
  • Traumatic o degeneration
  • Instabile, debilitate, dislocation, dolore con specific movimentos ### Capsular Contracture
  • Abnormal shortening / tightening
  • Immobilitate o post injuria - scar tissue
  • Overhead, external rotation, abduction ### Glenohumeral Ligament
  • Superior - anterior instabile, external rotation
  • Middle - anterior dislocation, medium range motion
  • Inferior - abduction + external rotation, traumatic anterior dislocations
  • Overhead, jactar
  • Dolore, instabile ### Transverse Ligamento
• Decompress ulna ### SLAP
• 4 grades, various involvement of biceps long capite
  • Dolore pote irradiar, clicking, popping, instabile, debilitate, nocturne dolore
  • Clunks, crank, speeds ###  Cubito ### Epicondylitis
  • Degenerative tendine aponeurosis. Lateral - Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • Medial - Flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres ### Olecranon Bursitis
• Repetitive trauma / directe trauma, RA, gout
  • Flexione P
  • Tumore dorsal lato ### Polso ### Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Median
  • Menopause, graviditate, RA
  • Nocturne
  • Flexor retinaculum, carpals ### Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
• Ulna
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris, olecranon, osbourne ligamento, medial epicondyle
  • Guyon's canal ### TFCC ### Ulnocarpal Impaction ### Ganglions ### Dupuytren’s
• Nodules in the palma, formando cordas, contracture
  • Inabile al rectificar, difficultate task, progressive ### Diabetes
• Glucose conduce al formation de AGEs = tendines, ligamentes, cartilage = plus basse elasticitate
• Microvascular dammage reducente sanguis fluxo e sanitate
• neuropathy
• chronic inflammation
  • Frequente urination, excesse sete, peso perdita, fame, visione confuse, numbness tingling, fatigue, pelle sicc, lente sores, frequente infections
  • Adhesive capsulitis, Carpal tunnel, dupuytrens, OA, osteoporosis, plantar fascitiis, bone spurs, gout, PAD ### Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Diagnostic
  • Relate a defecation
  • Stool frequentia change
  • Stool appearance
  • 6 menses+
  • Abdo dolore 1/7 last 3 menses ### Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Well Criteria
  • Previous DVT
  • Active cancere
  • Immobilisation
  • Bedridden 3+ dies
  • Tender
  • Crus tumente
  • Calf tumore 3cm+ que altere
  • Non-varicose venes ### Anemia
  • Ferro deficiente (GI e AINE)
  • RA, lupus (Chronic inflammatory)
  • Neurologic (pernicious) B12
  • Infectious
• SOB, fatigue, pallide manus, fragile+concave ungulas

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) and Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

• PVD is the broad term for all peripheral arteries & veins.
• PAD is narrowing / blockage of arteries, commonly the legs.
• PAD: dolore con activiate (intermittente claudication), frigid exx, debilitate pulsas, non-sanante sores
• PVD: tumore, varicose venes, pelle changes, dolore stante, pesante, talus ulceres

Contracture

• Permanent shortening / tightening : musculos, ligamentes, articulationes capsula
• Immobilitate, cicatrices, neurologic, trauma
• EG: dupuytrens ### Fibrosis - Chronic inflammation, trauma, repetitive stress, immobilisation, systemic conditions ### Densification
• Chronic inflammation, repetitive stress, postura, immobilitate
• Pesante / stricture, muscular tension, disconforto durante movimento ### Synovial Membrane
• Diffuse, profonde ache, pejor per movimento
• Inflammation o synovitis via autoimmune disease / injuria
• Tumore & pressione ### Fibrous Layer - Local, acute - Trauma / overstretching - Compression via osteophytos ### Dolore super L4
• AAA - pulsatile massa, bruit, abdo/dorsum dolore, syncope, irradiante a pedes
• Femoral nervo L2-3 - anterior femur dolore, genu extension debilitate, reducite plantar reflex, N/T
• Abdo cancere - peso + appetito perdita, abdo dolore, intestino habito change, fatigue, malaise, jaundice, ascites,
• Inguinal hernia - inguine bulge, febre, nausea, acute dolore, ache o burn
• Pelve haematoma - bruising, tumore, difficultate coxa flexion, rapide pulso, basse BP, dizziness, B+B, possibile nervo debilitate / numbness

### Pins and Needles

• 12VLS.SSSSHMMAGDK

### Stroke/TIA

• Facial, parole e visual changes, paralysis, debilitate (UEX), H/A

### Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

• Lhermitte's - optic neuritis, P/N, debilitate, fatigue, coordination, ataxia, spasmos, cramping, urination urgentia, memoria, horner's syndrome
  • Stress, calor, infection, ### Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
• Ascendente paresthesia & debilitate. 2 - 3 septimanas post infection. Conduce a respirator involvement. ### Spinal Cord Compression
• Bilateral, ambulation changes, B+B ### Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)/Vascular
• Pulsas, frigiditate, claudication ### Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
• Pelle + articulationes manifestations, butterfly rash ### Kidney Disease
• Tumore, appetito perdita, urination frequentia (espec nocturne), confusion, nausea ### Peripheral Neuropathy
• Alcohol, B12, zoster, diabetes ### Diabetes
• Aumenta sete, aumenta urination frequentia, peso perdita, fame, visione confuse ### B12 Deficiency
• Fatigue, debilitate, appetito perdita, dizzy, SOB, memoria, confusion, GI issues ### Alcohol (Chronic)
• Nervo dammage ### Shingles ### Cervical Myelopathy
• Spinal cord compression - UMN + LMN signes, wasting, P/N, gradual ### Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• UMN + LMN signes ### Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS)
• UMN signes

Untreated Hypothyroid

### Myasthenia Gravis (less likely)

• Proximal debilitate, facial debilitate, diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria