Sample Quiz

False (B)

phospholipid bilayer

<p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloride (Cl-) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral proteins = Proteins that span from the outer surface of the membrane to the inner surface Peripheral proteins = Proteins located only on the inner cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane Spherocytes = RBCs with a decreased surface-to-volume ratio Bite cells = RBCs with missing portions of membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid consuming the oxygen they are meant to deliver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2,3-diphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis = Generates 90% of ATP Pentose Phosphate Pathway = Produces 10% of ATP Methemoglobin Reductase Pathway = Influences post-transfusion RBC survival and function Luebering-Rapoport Shunt = Permits accumulation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shift to the right, decreasing oxygen affinity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>gas transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tense form (T form) = Lower affinity for oxygen Relaxed form (R form) = Higher affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfused blood is 2,3-DPG deficient due to storage before use, which causes a high oxygen affinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1C - 6C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How long the blood has been stored before transfusion (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citrate (sodium citrate / citric acid) = Chelates calcium; prevents clotting Monobasic sodium phosphate = Maintains pH during storage; necessary for maintenance of adequate levels of 2,3-DPG Dextrose = Substrate for ATP production Adenine = Production of ATP (extends shelf-life from 21 days to 35 days); found only in CPDA-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>42, plasma and platelets, lower viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adsol (AS-1), Nutricel (AS-3), Optisol (AS-5), and SOLX (AS-7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AS-1 = saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol AS-3 = saline, adenine, glucose, citrate, phosphate AS-5 = saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol AS-7 = saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>metabolic alterations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>phosphate (A), inosine (B), adenine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to remove inosine, which may be toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it preserves selected autologous and rare units of blood for later use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

A semipermeable membrane that encloses the red blood cell, composed of a lipid bilayer and a protein cytoskeleton. It allows for deformability, permeability, and maintains cell volume.

Proteins that extend across the entire RBC membrane, from the outer to the inner surface. They play a vital role in its structure and function.

Proteins located only on the inner surface of the RBC membrane. They help maintain the membrane's shape and stability.

The ability of RBCs to bend and deform, allowing them to squeeze through narrow capillaries.

The property of the RBC membrane to allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others, crucial for maintaining cell volume and preventing hemolysis.

A condition where RBCs lose their normal shape and become spherical, reducing their surface area and leading to premature destruction.

RBCs with a portion of their membrane missing, creating a bite-like indentation. This can be caused by various factors, including infection or oxidative stress.

The loss of RBC membrane, resulting in altered shape and function, leading to premature destruction.

The main pathway used by red blood cells (RBCs) to generate energy (ATP), creating 90% of their energy needs.

A metabolic pathway in RBCs that produces NADPH, necessary to protect against oxidative damage and maintaining the structure of hemoglobin.

A pathway that reduces methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin, ensuring efficient oxygen transport.

An important regulatory mechanism in RBCs that increases the release of oxygen to tissues by lowering the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

A byproduct of the Luebering-Rapoport shunt, it plays a crucial role in regulating the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.

The ability of hemoglobin to bind and release oxygen is affected by the partial pressure of oxygen. Higher oxygen pressure leads to greater oxygen saturation, while lower pressure results in oxygen release. This relationship is not directly proportional but instead follows a sigmoid curve.

A shift to the right of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve indicates a decrease in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This means hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily, which can be beneficial in situations like hypoxia where tissues need more oxygen.

A shift to the left of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve indicates an increase in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This means hemoglobin holds onto oxygen more tightly, leading to less oxygen delivery to tissues. This can occur when there are high levels of oxygen in the blood, or as a result of certain medical conditions.

The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin can be modulated by various factors, including pH, carbon dioxide (CO2), and organic phosphates. These factors can influence the shape and position of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve, ultimately altering oxygen delivery to tissues.