Hepatocellular Carcinoma Morphology and Growth
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Questions and Answers

What type of morphology is associated with HCC that resembles normal hepatocytes with trabecular or pseudoglandular architecture?

  • Diffuse
  • Multifocal
  • Unifocal
  • Well-differentiated (correct)

Which factor is responsible for causing a lack of differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation in HCC?

  • Vascular invasion
  • Intrahepatic metastasis
  • Cytokine (correct)
  • Extrahepatic metastasis

What does an elevated level of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in blood tests indicate?

  • Normal liver function
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (correct)
  • Presence of portal triads in tumor
  • Metastasis to the lungs

Which type of HCC morphology consists of multiple tiny nodules spread without a dominant nodule and is poorly differentiated?

<p>Diffuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of invasion of the portal vein by HCC cells?

<p>Occlusion of portal circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of HCC is associated with extrahepatic metastasis to other organs?

<p>Advanced stage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes poorly differentiated HCC morphology?

<p>Anaplastic cells with little/no resemblance to normal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging scan is specifically mentioned as NOT suitable for large tumors in the provided text?

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of embolization in treating liver cancer according to the text?

<p>To stop blood flow towards the tumor to kill it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy involves drugs or substances specifically binding to receptors on tumor cells according to the text?

<p>Targeted therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change is NOT specifically recommended in the text for managing liver cancer?

<p>Increase alcohol consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition leads to poor oral health in patients with chronic liver disease according to the text?

<p>Cirrhosis of the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ablation therapy in treating liver cancer according to the text?

<p>To burn tumors using a needle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option involves removing part of the liver?

<p>Surgery: Hepatectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of liver cancer is the most common type?

<p>Hepatocellular Carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major etiologic factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

<p>Chronic alcoholism/cirrhosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HBV contribute to Hepatocellular Carcinoma development?

<p>By directly integrating HBV DNA into the host genome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor leads to synthesis of triglycerides in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic alcoholism?

<p>ROS production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Aflatoxin as a hepatocarcinogen?

<p>Forms mutagenic adducts with DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition does HCV mostly work exclusively for hepatocarcinogenesis?

<p>Advanced cirrhosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in its early stages?

<p>Surgery to remove tumor or liver transplant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common manifestation of advanced liver disease that makes Hepatocellular Carcinoma more common?

<p>End-stage liver cirrhosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of metabolic syndrome features that must be present to diagnose Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)?

<p>3 out of 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the histologic features of cirrhosis, what causes the creation of fibrotic tissues via collagen?

<p>Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which abnormal nodules in cirrhosis become hyperplastic and can lead to moderate genomic instability?

<p>Nodules caused by proliferation and degeneration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What classification does the most poorly differentiated HCC cells fall under?

<p>Poorly Differentiated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two common early mutational events are associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis?

<p>Activation of β-catenin and inactivation of p16 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of continuous cell division in the liver that damages DNA repair mechanisms?

<p>Accumulation of mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with aflatoxin inactivating p53 in the pathogenesis of HCC?

<p>IL-6 overexpression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Chronic hepatitis' refers to repeated cycles of cell death and regeneration, leading to what significant outcome?

<p>Accumulation of mutations due to damaged DNA repair mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral manifestation is NOT associated with liver dysfunction?

<p>Oral lichen planus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of advanced liver disease that may be observed in the oral cavity?

<p>Fetor hepaticus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does portal hypertension affect nutrient absorption in patients with liver disease?

<p>Impairs nutrient absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for dental caries in patients with liver disease?

<p>Dry mouth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with liver cirrhosis, what causes an increased risk of gingival bleeding?

<p>Decrease in coagulation factors produced (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason tooth extraction may be required in patients with liver cirrhosis?

<p>Severe dental caries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one important aspect to consider in the dental management of patients with liver disease?

<p>Cross-infection management for HBV and HCV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Dry gland syndrome' associated with primary biliary cirrhosis primarily involves which glands?

<p>Tear glands and salivary glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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