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Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of hepatitis?
How is Hepatitis B typically transmitted?
What is the association between Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D?
What percentage of post-transfusion hepatitis cases are attributed to HCV?
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Why is Hepatitis B more severe than Hepatitis A?
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What is necessary for HDV to replicate?
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What is the typical mode of transmission for Hepatitis A?
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What is the former name of Hepatitis B?
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In which population is HEV more prevalent?
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What is the purpose of immune globulin (IG) in hepatitis treatment?
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What is indicated by the presence of Anti-HBc in serum?
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What is the primary purpose of liver biopsy in hepatitis diagnosis?
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Study Notes
Hepatitis
- Acute hepatitis is a liver infection that can be viral, drug-induced, or autoimmune in origin.
- There are five types of hepatitis: HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV.
Types of Hepatitis
- HAV (Hepatitis A): most common type, transmitted via fecal-oral route, poor sanitation, contaminated food, water, milk, and shellfish, or oral-anal sexual practices.
- HBV (Hepatitis B): more severe, transmitted via blood and blood products, breaks in skin or mucous membranes, or from asymptomatic carriers with HBsAg.
- HCV (Hepatitis C): transmitted via intravenous drug use, sexual contact, blood or blood products, and from asymptomatic carriers, accounts for 90% of post-transfusion hepatitis.
- HDV (Hepatitis D): transmitted via same routes as HBV, requires HBV surface antigen to replicate, coexists with HBV.
- HEV (Hepatitis E): transmitted through food or water contamination, seen in developing countries, not encountered in the US.
Medical Care
- Laboratory tests: CBC, liver function studies, Anti-HAV IgM, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis Be antigen, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBAg, urine bilirubin, prothrombin time.
- Liver biopsy: used to determine type of hepatitis and degree of liver necrosis.
- Liver scans: used to identify level of parenchymal damage.
- Treatment: symptomatic, prophylactic therapy, immune globulin (IG) for temporary passive immunity, hepatitis B vaccine for active immunity.
Pneumothorax
- Occurs when free air accumulates in the pleural cavity between the visceral and parietal areas, causing lung collapse.
- Pressure in the pleural space...
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Description
Quiz on acute hepatitis, its types, transmission, and effects on the liver. Learn about HAV, HBV, NANB, HDV, and HEV.
