Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which hepatitis type is primarily transmitted through fecal-oral routes and has a vaccine available?

  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis A (correct)
  • Hepatitis B

What is a common symptom of hepatic cirrhosis?

  • Cough with phlegm
  • Jaundice (correct)
  • High-grade fever
  • Decreased appetite

Which statement about Hepatitis B is correct?

  • There is no vaccine available for it.
  • It is the least common type of hepatitis.
  • It can be transmitted from mother to baby. (correct)
  • It is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets.

What is the recommended dietary adjustment for individuals with Hepatitis A?

<p>Increase carbohydrate intake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant long-term risk associated with Hepatitis C?

<p>Cirrhosis development after many years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary preventive measure for Hepatitis A?

<p>Hand hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct dietary recommendation for a person with Hepatitis A?

<p>High-carbohydrate diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is most at risk for Hepatitis B infection?

<p>Hospital staff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the significant risk factors for Hepatitis C infection?

<p>Receiving a blood transfusion before 1992 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not typically associated with chronic liver cirrhosis?

<p>Headaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must exist for a person to contract Hepatitis D?

<p>Hepatitis B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for individuals with acute liver disease?

<p>Avoidance of alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates a significant buildup of ammonia in the body?

<p>Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test result indicates hepatic dysfunction?

<p>Increased bilirubin level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle adjustment is recommended for individuals with Hepatitis?

<p>Regular liver function tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hepatitis Transmission - Hep A

Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Hepatitis B/C Transmission

Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through body fluids, blood, and semen, potentially through mother to baby.

Hepatitis Symptoms (General)

General hepatitis symptoms include RUQ discomfort, nausea/vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, fever, chills, jaundice, dark urine, pale feces, and flu-like symptoms.

Hepatitis Treatment (General)

Treatment for all types of hepatitis includes rest, activity as tolerated, nutrition/hydration, and avoidance of alcohol.

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Hepatitis D Coinfection

Hepatitis D requires hepatitis B infection to exist. Hepatitis D is a co-infection with Hepatitis B.

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Hepatitis Causes

Overuse of alcohol and acetaminophen (Tylenol) can lead to liver damage and cause hepatitis.

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Hepatitis A Prevention

The best way to prevent Hepatitis A is through good hand hygiene and vaccination.

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Hepatitis B Prevention

Prevent Hepatitis B with the vaccine and practice safe sex. Also, avoid sharing needles and be cautious in healthcare settings.

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Hepatitis C Prevention

There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. Prevention focuses on avoiding contact with contaminated blood, such as through safe sex, needle exchange programs, and testing blood products.

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Cirrhosis: Hepatitis' Scarring

Cirrhosis is a severe complication of chronic hepatitis where the liver becomes scarred and loses its function. This is irreversible.

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Hepatitis Symptoms: Jaundice

Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, occurs when the liver can't process bilirubin, causing it to build up in the blood.

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Study Notes

Hepatitis Prevention and Education

  • Excessive alcohol use and acetaminophen overdose can cause hepatitis.
  • Common symptoms of all types of hepatitis include right upper quadrant (RUQ) discomfort, nausea and vomiting (n/v), anorexia and weight loss, fever, chills, jaundice, dark urine, pale feces, and flu-like symptoms.

Treatment for Hepatitis

  • Rest and activity as tolerated
  • Adequate nutrition and hydration
  • Acute Hepatitis: Increased protein, calories, and vitamins
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Practice safe sex
  • Maintain hand hygiene
  • Wash foods thoroughly
  • Monitor daily weight

Hepatitis A (HAV)

  • Transmission: Fecal-oral route
  • Prevention: Prioritize hand hygiene
  • Vaccination is available
  • Self-limiting; resolves on its own
  • Children are at higher risk
  • Dietary recommendations: Increased carbohydrates

Hepatitis B (HBV)

  • Also known as HBV
  • Transmission: Body fluids, semen, blood, mother-to-baby transmission
  • Prevention: Vaccination available
  • High-risk groups: Healthcare workers, sex workers, drug users (IV drug use), those who get tattoos or piercings, and those with cuts or injuries.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

  • Also known as HCV
  • Transmission: Blood, semen
  • Can be acute or chronic
  • Symptoms may not appear for 15-20 years after infection
  • No vaccine available
  • Important to screen specific populations: Baby boomers, individuals who received blood transfusions before 1992, those with a history of tattoos or needle use.

Hepatitis D (HDV)

  • Transmission: Blood
  • Coinfection with HBV is required
  • No vaccine available
  • Hepatitis D cannot occur without Hepatitis B.

Cirrhosis

  • Scarring of the liver, leading to irreversible loss of liver function
  • Prevention is focused on avoiding excessive alcohol and viral hepatitis (B, C, D) and maintaining adequate vitamin intake.

Cirrhosis Symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
  • Beefy red tongue
  • Weight loss, abdominal pain, abdominal distention
  • Pruritus (itching)
  • Confusion (ammonia buildup)
  • Jaundice (elevated bilirubin in the blood)
  • Spider angiomas (red, star-shaped blood vessels)
  • Palmar erythema (redness of the palms)
  • Anemia and thrombocytopenia (low red blood cells and platelets)
  • Petechiae (tiny red spots)
  • Gastroesophageal bleeds

Cirrhosis Laboratory Findings

  • Elevated bilirubin levels
  • Elevated ammonia levels
  • Elevated creatinine levels
  • Decreased blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
  • Decreased levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets
  • Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Monitor these times carefully.

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