Hepatitis B Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method of transmission for Hepatitis B?

Airborne droplets

Blood and blood products (correct)

Direct skin contact

Ingesting contaminated food

What does the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for more than 6 months indicate?

An acute infection only

Chronic infection (correct)

A past infection

A probable household contact

What tests can be used for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B infection?

Complete blood count and urinalysis

MRI and CT scan

Serology and liver biopsy (correct)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) and chest X-ray

Which of the following is a symptom that may appear after Hepatitis B infection?

Symptoms usually appear about one to four months after infection Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is correct?

HBV has a double-stranded DNA genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 2015?

Tenofovir or Entecavir Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunization can prevent both acute and chronic cases of Hepatitis B?

Recombinant vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection?

Higher risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer when chronically infected Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis D virus (HDV)?

Blood exposure via needle stick injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome for most individuals with acute Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections?

Most will clear the virus spontaneously within 6 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is advised to receive the Hepatitis B vaccine?

Persons with diabetes or chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus does Hepatitis C belong to?

Flavivirus Signup and view all the answers

How is the Hepatitis B vaccine produced?

Using recombinant DNA technology with yeast Signup and view all the answers

What is the fatality rate for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

38% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a later symptom of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Blurred vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for dengue viruses?

Bite of infected Aedes species mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is available for hantavirus infections?

No specific treatment, only supportive therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)?

Low blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

How many serotypes of dengue viruses can cause dengue fever?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What treatment may be necessary for managing severe fluid overload in severe cases of HPS?

Dialysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial symptom of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

Fever and chills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common mild symptom of dengue?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of dengue symptoms?

2–7 days Signup and view all the answers

Which group of people is at higher risk for developing severe dengue?

Infants and pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Lassa virus?

Direct contact with infected rodents Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary treatment approach for severe dengue?

Supportive care Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of severe dengue?

Mild fever Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary ways humans can get infected by Lassa virus?

Ingestion or inhalation Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is recommended for managing symptoms of dengue?

Taking paracetamol for fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of persons who will develop chronic HCV infection after initial exposure?

70% to 85% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for Hepatitis C?

Casual contact or hugging Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with chronic HCV infection are at risk of developing cirrhosis within 20 years?

15% to 30% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with acute Hepatitis C infection?

Joint pain Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is used to assess the degree of liver damage in patients with Hepatitis C?

FibroTest® Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment combination for Hepatitis C mentioned?

Sofosbuvir with ribavirin and pegylated interferon Signup and view all the answers

What type of diagnostic tests work by using an algorithm based on patient-specific factors?

Biopredictive tests Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments for Hepatitis C is administered orally?

Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir Signup and view all the answers

What is the average incubation period for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) after exposure?

8 to 10 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a wet symptom of Ebola?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is required to consider EVD as a possible diagnosis?

Combination of symptoms and exposure within 21 days Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimen is typically required for testing suspected EVD cases?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an FDA-approved vaccine for Ebola?

Ervebo Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is part of supportive care for EVD?

Providing fluids and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a main method of transmission for hantaviruses?

Contact with bodily fluids of rodents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strains is NOT associated with hantavirus diseases in humans?

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Virology (Part 4)

Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, potentially leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer.
Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis globally.
Other causes include infections, toxins (e.g., alcohol, drugs), and autoimmune diseases.
Viral hepatitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the top 10 cancers worldwide, is strongly linked to hepatitis B and, in some regions, hepatitis C.
Five main hepatitis viruses exist (types A, B, C, D, and E).

Viral Hepatitis A (HAV)

HAV belongs to the Picornavirus family; it is non-enveloped, and has (+)ssRNA.
Transmission is fecal-oral, via contaminated food or water or infected food handlers.
Incubation period is typically 14-28 days.
Symptoms range from mild to severe, including fever, malaise, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, joint pain, elevated liver enzymes, and jaundice.
Adults generally experience more severe symptoms than children.
Diagnosis involves detecting IgM antibodies or HAV RNA via RT-PCR in the blood.
No specific treatment; supportive care focuses on improved sanitation and food safety.
Vaccination is available and recommended.

Viral Hepatitis E (HEV)

HEV belongs to the Calicivirus family; it is non-enveloped, and has (+)ssRNA.
Transmission is similar to HAV (fecal-oral).
Symptoms are similar to HAV.
Diagnosis involves detecting IgM antibodies or HEV RNA via RT-PCR.
Treatment is similar to HAV.
Currently no FDA-approved vaccine for HEV.

Viral Hepatitis B (HBV)

HBV belongs to the Hepadnavirus family and is is enveloped, dsDNA.
Transmission occurs through blood-to-blood contact (e.g., blood transfusions, sharing needles, sexual contact), vertical transmission (mother to child), and contact with infected body fluids..
Symptoms range from mild to severe, often appearing one to four months post-infection. Some individuals are asymptomatic.
Diagnosis involves serological testing (detecting viral antigens or antibody response), and HBV-PCR (detecting viral nucleic acid), and possibly liver biopsy.
Treatment focuses on supportive care and sometimes antiviral medications like entecavir, tenofovir, or lamivudine.
Vaccination is available and recommended.

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

HCV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is an enveloped virus, (+)ssRNA.
Transmission primarily through blood-to-blood contact (e.g., sharing needles, blood transfusions).
HCV infections are typically asymptomatic initially.
The majority of individuals develop chronic infection.
Diagnosis relies on detecting anti-HCV antibodies, HCV RNA (e.g., RT-PCR) and advanced diagnostics (METAVIR).
Treatment focuses on antiviral medications (e.g., Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir).

Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)

HDV is a delta agent dependent on HBV and is an ssRNA virus.
It's transmitted via parenteral route.
Symptoms are more severe in co-infection with HBV.
No specialized treatment exists.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

VHFs are conditions affecting multiple organ systems, often causing bleeding and potentially life-threatening illness.
These often have no known cure or vaccine.
The most significant causes are viruses.
Viruses can be enveloped and spread from animals to humans and between humans.
Four examples are Ebola virus, Hantaviruses, Dengue viruses, and Lassa fever virus.

Ebola Virus

Ebola is a zoonotic disease transmitted by direct contact.
Contact with blood or body fluids (infected individuals or deceased victims) is a major risk.
Symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, and abdominal pain; followed by internal bleeding.
Treatment: Supportive care (e.g., fluids, electrolytes), and therapy for other infections.

Hantaviruses

Hantaviruses are spread mainly through contact with rodent bodily fluids or exposure to aerosolized particles (e.g., urine, feces).

Dengue Viruses

Dengue is primarily transmitted by infected mosquito bites.
Four serotypes exist, and a person can be infected multiple times.
Symptoms include fever, muscle/joint pain, headache, and rash.
Treatment: Supportive care (e.g., rest, fluids, pain relief).

Lassa fever virus

Lassa is a rodent-borne virus mainly spread by urine, excreta or contaminated food or objects.
Symptoms include fever, malaise, headache, muscle aches; significant complications may appear such as bleeding and shock.
Treatment: supportive care, sometimes Ribavirin.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Hepatitis B transmission, diagnosis, and symptoms. This quiz covers key concepts related to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its implications in health. Challenge yourself with questions about HBsAg and other related topics.