Infections of the Liver
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What is one of the main roles of the liver in the digestive system?

  • Absorbing fats directly from the diet
  • Producing hormones and enzymes for digestion (correct)
  • Filtering nutrients from the small intestine
  • Producing bile for the immune system

    • What does jaundice indicate about liver function?

  • The liver is functioning properly
  • The liver is not clearing old RBCs effectively (correct)
  • The liver is producing excess bilirubin
  • The liver is enlarging due to inflammation

    • What is the primary cause of jaundice in premature newborns?

  • Delayed liver function development (correct)
  • Infection with hepatitis virus
  • Excessive exposure to sunlight
  • Ingestion of maternal toxins

    • What is crucial for the proper processing of bilirubin by the liver?

    <p>Adequate liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of jaundice?

    <p>Increased dietary fiber intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the Hepatitis A Virus?

    <p>Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can phototherapy do for newborns with jaundice?

    <p>Process bilirubin into molecules for elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about hepatitis is false?

    <p>It is caused only by viral infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis viruses are grouped together because they:

    <p>Infect the liver despite their differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when old RBCs are not processed by the liver effectively?

    <p>Bilirubin accumulates in the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is associated with a higher risk of chronic infection and liver cirrhosis?

    <p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly seen in patients with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) that is not typically associated with Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)?

    <p>It causes more severe infections when co-infected with HBV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the lack of a vaccine for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?

    <p>HCV mutates too rapidly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is more frequently associated with Hepatitis B than with Hepatitis A?

    <p>Loss of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for transmitting Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

    <p>Sharing personal items with infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus is considered 'non-A non-B' before its identification?

    <p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major route of dissemination for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?

    <p>Blood contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hepatitis transmission, what does HAV outbreak typically correlate with?

    <p>Poor hygiene in food preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver produces hormones and enzymes that are essential for digestion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jaundice can occur even if the liver is functioning properly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by various viruses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infection with hepatitis viruses leads to the same symptoms in all cases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bilirubin is a pigment that can accumulate in the body and cause yellowing of the skin when not processed by the liver.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phototherapy is ineffective in treating jaundice in newborns.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is an enveloped virus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic drug and alcohol use can lead to liver malfunction and jaundice.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lack of normal microflora in the liver makes it susceptible to infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary cause of jaundice in adults is typically liver infection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) can cause severe complications such as liver cirrhosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is often identified through the detection of its Surface Antigen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that often presents symptoms immediately after infection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) can infect individuals independently of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) results primarily from contact with contaminated water supplies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) can eventually lead to the need for liver transplantation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a vaccine available for both Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can be transmitted through sexual contact and sharing contaminated utensils.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mild symptoms such as

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Hepatitis virus has a 15-160 days incubation period?

    <p>Hepatitis B (HBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?

    <p>Picornavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Hepatitis virus is primarily transmitted through parental routes?

    <p>Hepatitis C (HCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis virus has a greater than 50% chance of leading to chronic infection?

    <p>Hepatitis C (HCV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mainly utilized treatment for Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)?

    <p>Alpha interferon for 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Hepatitis virus is noted for having an enteric mode of transmission?

    <p>Hepatitis A (HAV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)?

    <p>Causes chronic hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viral genome type for Hepatitis B (HBV)?

    <p>dsDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

    <p>45-160 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Hepatitis virus is classified as a Deltavirus?

    <p>Hepatitis D Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viral genome is associated with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?

    <p>ssRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Hepatitis virus has the highest likelihood of leading to chronic hepatitis?

    <p>Hepatitis B Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)?

    <p>Enteric route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) superinfection might develop chronic hepatitis?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is commonly utilized for Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)?

    <p>Alpha interferon for 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Hepatitis viruses is true?

    <p>Hepatitis A Virus is classified as a Picornavirus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Liver Function and Hepatitis

    • Liver is an accessory digestive organ, producing enzymes, hormones, and substances for digestion
    • It also produces lectins for complement activity and filters blood, removing old cells and toxins
    • Liver is sterile due to lack of contact with external environment
    • Hepatitis is liver inflammation due to viral infection, interfering with liver function
    • Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes) is a major hepatitis symptom, resulting from liver dysfunction, allowing bilirubin buildup (a yellow pigment) in tissues

    Hepatitis Types

    • Different viruses cause different types of hepatitis, varying in structure, transmission, and severity
    • HAV (Hepatitis A Virus): Nonenveloped, single-stranded RNA enterovirus (Picornavirus family)
      • Mild infection, often flu-like symptoms
      • Transmitted via fecal-oral route (contaminated food/water)
      • Outbreaks linked to poor hygiene, e.g., 2013 pomegranate seed outbreak linked to Costco
      • Vaccine available, but many adults are unvaccinated
    • HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) Enveloped DNA virus (Hepadnaviridae)
      • More severe than HAV, potentially chronic leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer
      • Transmission via blood, body fluids (semen, saliva, etc.), needles, razors, mother to child
      • Vaccine recommended for children and high-risk adults
    • HCV (Hepatitis C Virus): RNA virus (Flaviviridae)
      • Often subclinical (no symptoms) for months/years.
      • Chronic infection common, leading to serious liver damage and potentially liver transplant in severe cases
      • Transmitted via blood-to-blood contact (needles)
      • No vaccine available
    • HDV (Hepatitis D Virus)
      • Incomplete virus, requiring HBV infection to replicate
      • Co-infection with HBV, resulting in severe HBV infection
      • HBV Vaccine protects against HDV
    • HEV (Hepatitis E Virus)
      • Relatively mild infection, transmitted through the fecal-oral route
      • Usually seen in areas with poor sanitation
      • Self-limiting infection
      • No vaccine available

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    Description

    This quiz covers liver functions, including its role in digestion and detoxification, as well as the types of hepatitis viruses and their impact on liver health. Key topics include symptoms like jaundice and the transmission of Hepatitis A. Test your knowledge on liver-related conditions and their significance.

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