40 Questions
What is the target cell of Hepadnaviridae?
Hepatocytes
What is the function of the protein encoded by ORF P?
RNA/DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and RNase H activity
Which gene encodes the regulatory protein with transactivating propriety?
ORF X
Which of the following is NOT a morphologically distinct form of HBV?
Spherical particles with a diameter of 40 nm
What is responsible for the chronic hepatopathy and its outcomes in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma?
The accumulation of damage produced by the fibrotic repair
What do RT nucleosidic inhibitors do?
Inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme
What is the rate of mutation introduced by RT in the HBV genome?
1 mutation / 105 nucleotide
Which type of individuals are more likely to have chronic HBV infection?
Immune-compromised individuals
What is the function of Interferon α 2A peg and Interferon α 2B in HBV treatment?
They target only replicating viruses and do not eradicate latently integrated or non replicating episomal viral genomes
What is the significance of the presence of HBeAg in a patient with HBV infection?
It is a marker for the presence of active virus replication
What is the incubation period for HBV infection?
10-12 weeks
Which of the following is a viral reservoir for HBV transmission?
Percutaneous permucosal transmission
What is the function of HBsAg in the HBV vaccine?
It acts as an adjuvant
Which cell type(s) can be infected by HBV in patients chronically infected?
Monocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells of bile ducts
Which gene encodes the protein that is secreted by the cell and accumulates in the serum?
ORF S
What is the function of the protein encoded by HBX?
It is a regulatory protein with transactivating property
What is the morphology of non-infectious HBV particles?
Spherical particles with a diameter of 20 nm
What is the role of cccDNA in HBV replication?
It remains in the nucleus of the host cell as a template for viral RNA synthesis
What is the mechanism of HBV-induced liver damage?
Host-mediated damage from CTL and fibrotic repair
Which antiviral drug is an RT nucleotidic inhibitor?
Tenofovir
Which type of infection is HBV?
Chronic
What is the function of HBsAg in the HBV vaccine?
It is the surface antigen adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant
What is the significance of the presence of HBsAb in a patient's blood?
It indicates protection from infection or immunization
Which gene in the HBV genome encodes the protein that is not incorporated in virions, but is secreted by the cell and accumulates in the serum?
ORF S
Which cell types can HBV infect in patients chronically infected?
Epithelial cells of bile ducts and hepatocytes
Which gene in the HBV genome encodes the regulatory protein with transactivating propriety that can associate with cellular p53, involved in the occurrence of liver carcinoma?
ORF X
Which of the following is a morphologically distinct form of HBV?
Spherical particles with a diameter of 20 nm
What is responsible for the genetic variability of HBV?
RT introducing mutations
What is the mechanism of HBV-induced liver damage?
Host-mediated cytolytic action of CTL
Which antiviral drug is a nucleosidic inhibitor of RT?
Lamivudine
Which gene in the HBV genome has two in-frame start codons, enabling the expression of HBeAg and HBcAg?
ORF C
What is the function of the protein encoded by ORF P in HBV?
It encodes the reverse transcriptase
Which cell types can HBV infect in patients chronically infected?
Hepatocytes only
What is the main mode of transmission for HBV?
Percutaneous or permucosal exposure to infected blood or fluids
Which antibody indicates protection from HBV infection?
HBsAb
What is the cause for transformation associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV?
Inflammatory alterations
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of HBV-induced liver damage?
Stimulation of P53 expression
What is the morphology of infectious HBV particles?
40-45 nm complete virions (Dane particles)
What is the function of non-infectious HBV particles?
To be highly immunogenic
Which antiviral drug is a nucleosidic inhibitor of HBV RT?
Lamivudine
Test your knowledge on the Hepadnaviridae family and their target cells and tropism, genome structure, and detection in chronic infections. This quiz is ideal for those interested in virology and hepatitis B virus research.
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