Sheet 8 Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What law is applied to determine the concentration of CO2 dissolved in plasma?

  • Charles's Law
  • Boyle's Law
  • Henry's Law (correct)
  • Dalton's Law

Which factor is multiplied by Pa CO2 to find the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

  • S CO2 (correct)
  • Pressure of CO2
  • Henry's constant
  • Temperature

If there is no numerical value involved, which law helps in calculating the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

  • Henry's Law (correct)
  • Avogadro's Law
  • Graham's Law
  • Raoult's Law

Which law is NOT relevant in determining the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

<p>Dalton's Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key parameter needed to apply Henry's Law for calculating the concentration of CO2 dissolved in plasma?

<p>Partial pressure of CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect will the presence of Hb in plasma have on viscosity?

<p>Increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the resistance change with an increase in plasma viscosity due to Hb presence?

<p>Increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma viscosity when Hb is absent?

<p>Remains the same (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of Hb affect plasma resistance?

<p>Increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of plasma viscosity and resistance, what is the consequence of Hb presence?

<p>Increased viscosity and resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O?

<p>Carbonic anhydrase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does CO2 transport as bicarbonate?

<p>Due to the presence of carbonic anhydrase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times does carbonic anhydrase catalyze the reaction between CO2 and H2O?

<p>Nearly six thousand times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule does CO2 primarily transform into during transport?

<p>Bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high percentage of CO2 transport as bicarbonate?

<p>Presence of carbonic anhydrase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be conserved in each compartment of our bodies according to the text?

<p>Equilibrium between cations and anions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the three compartments in our bodies where cation = anion equilibrium must be preserved?

<p>Intracellular, interstitiam, intravascular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of maintaining equilibrium in the compartments of our bodies?

<p>Balancing pH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the three compartments mentioned in the text?

<p>Transvascular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to maintain the cation = anion equilibrium in our body compartments?

<p>To avoid electrolyte imbalances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important reason for the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inside red blood cells (RBCs)?

<p>Facilitating the binding of CO2 to hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) or hydrogen ions (H+) bind to hemoglobin (HB)?

<p>Release of oxygen in tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in red blood cells?

<p>Regulating pH balance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Bohr effect influence the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

<p>Reduces its affinity for oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs?

<p>Oxygen is absorbed by RBCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, which of the following is released?

<p>Hydrogen ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of CO2 being released when O2 binds to Hb in the lungs?

<p>Haldane effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of O2 binding to Hb in the lungs, what is the consequence of the release of hydrogen ions?

<p>Decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect is observed when CO2 binds to hemoglobin in tissues?

<p>Bohr effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During CO2 transport, what happens when H+ is released from hemoglobin?

<p>CO2 is released (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used to calculate the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

<p>Henry's Law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of CO2 transport, what happens when hydrogen ions (H+) are released from hemoglobin?

<p>Blood pH decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Henry's Law specifically applied to determine the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

<p>To calculate bicarbonate formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does carbon dioxide (CO2) binding to hemoglobin (Hb) have on hemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

<p>Decreases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma impact plasma viscosity?

<p>Increases plasma viscosity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of CO2 is transported via hemoglobin according to the text?

<p>20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In CO2 transport, which compartment contains 2.4ml of the total 5ml?

<p>Bicarbonate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much CO2 is transported in carbaminoHb during CO2 transport?

<p>1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of total CO2 transported in plasma during CO2 transport?

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of CO2 transport, where is the majority of CO2 not transported?

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the solubility of CO2 in blood, given an arterial pressure of 40 mmHg and a solubility constant of 2.4 ml/dl?

<p>0.96 ml/dl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the subscript 'v' represent in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

<p>Volume of CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating the dissolved CO2 concentration, what does 'Pa' stand for in PvCO2?

<p>Partial pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of multiplying the arterial pressure by the solubility constant in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

<p>To find dissolved CO2 concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of CO2 transport, what does 'S CO2' represent in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

<p>Solubility of CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is one liter of blood distributed from the heart to the skeletal muscles?

<p>To the arms and legs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many liters of blood does the GIT receive from the heart?

<p>One liter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organ or system receives one liter of blood from the heart?

<p>The brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many kidneys receive one liter of blood each from the heart?

<p>Two kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body part or system is NOT specifically mentioned in the distribution of blood from the heart?

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the belief that one's enemy is suffering except for oneself?

<p>Schadenfreude (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an individual wrongly believe about their enemy?

<p>They suffer in the presence of others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action does an individual incorrectly attribute to their enemy?

<p>Praying for them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what misconception does an individual have about their enemy's attitude towards others?

<p>Their enemy only cares about themselves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What incorrect assumption does an individual have regarding the feelings of their enemy towards others?

<p>Their enemy feels joy when seeing others suffer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale est la concentration de O2 dissolvite in plasmate, citate in le texto?

<p>0.3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quant es la quantitate de CO2 dissolvite in plasmate, considerate in le texto?

<p>0.003 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le quantitate de CO2 transportate in carbaminoHb durante le transporto de CO2?

<p>0.003 ml/dl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantum de O2 se trova dissolvite in plasmate quando comparate con CO2?

<p>Minus que CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le resultato de multiplicar SCO2 per 20?

<p>0.06 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le quantitate de CO2 transportate in bicarbonate durante le transporto de CO2?

<p>2.4 ml (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quante percento de CO2 es transportate in carbaminoHb durante le transporto de CO2?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le quantitate de CO2 non transportate in plasma durante le processos?

<p>3.6 ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lo que significa 'CO2' in le equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

<p>Concentration de CO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qual fraction del CO2 total transportate se trova le majoritate del bicarbonate?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle es le consequentia de mantener le equilibrio cation = anion in le tres compartimentos de nostre corpora?

<p>Alteration del pH intra- e extracellular (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le ration principal pro le transito de plus CO2 como bicarbonato?

<p>Minimisar le cambiamento de pH sanguin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le effecto de CO2 ligate a hemoglobina (Hb) sur le affinitate del Hb pro oxygino?

<p>Reduction del affinitate pro oxygino (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In qual compartimento se trova un total de 2.4 ml del 5 ml de cationes = aniones mentionate in le texto?

<p>Intravascular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un ration primari pro multiplicar le pression arterial per le constantia de solubilitate in le equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

<p>Calcular le concentration de CO2 dissolvite in plasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual est le effecto principal del reductase intra le RBCs in relation al ferric?

<p>Converte ferric a ferruginose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lo que representa 'NADPHMethemoglobin reductase' in le contexto del texto?

<p>Un enzime que reduce ferric a ferruginose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual est le consequentia de la liberation de ioni hydrogenio quando O2 se liga a Hb in le pulmones?

<p>Reduction del pH del plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual est le effecto del ligamento de O2 a Hb in le pulmones?

<p>Transforma CO2 in bicarbonato (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual est le enzime que catalyse le reaction inter CO2 e H2O?

<p>Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le formula usate pro calcular le concentration de CO2 disolvite in plasma?

<p>[CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In le contexto de transporto de CO2, lo que occurre quando H+ es liberate ab hemoglobina?

<p>Illo forma bicarbonato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le principal ration pro le alte percentage de transporto de CO2 como bicarbonato?

<p>Pro conservar un pH stable del sangue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quanto litros de sanguine recipe le tracto gastrointestinal (GIT) ab le corde?

<p>1 litro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lo que occur quando oxygene se combina con hemoglobina in los pulmones?

<p>Oxygene es liberate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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