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Sheet 8 Physiology
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Sheet 8 Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What law is applied to determine the concentration of CO2 dissolved in plasma?

  • Charles's Law
  • Boyle's Law
  • Henry's Law (correct)
  • Dalton's Law

    • Which factor is multiplied by Pa CO2 to find the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

  • S CO2 (correct)
  • Pressure of CO2
  • Henry's constant
  • Temperature

    • If there is no numerical value involved, which law helps in calculating the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

  • Henry's Law (correct)
  • Avogadro's Law
  • Graham's Law
  • Raoult's Law

    • Which law is NOT relevant in determining the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

    <p>Dalton's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key parameter needed to apply Henry's Law for calculating the concentration of CO2 dissolved in plasma?

    <p>Partial pressure of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect will the presence of Hb in plasma have on viscosity?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the resistance change with an increase in plasma viscosity due to Hb presence?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to plasma viscosity when Hb is absent?

    <p>Remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of Hb affect plasma resistance?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of plasma viscosity and resistance, what is the consequence of Hb presence?

    <p>Increased viscosity and resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the reaction between CO2 and H2O?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does CO2 transport as bicarbonate?

    <p>Due to the presence of carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times does carbonic anhydrase catalyze the reaction between CO2 and H2O?

    <p>Nearly six thousand times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule does CO2 primarily transform into during transport?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the high percentage of CO2 transport as bicarbonate?

    <p>Presence of carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be conserved in each compartment of our bodies according to the text?

    <p>Equilibrium between cations and anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the three compartments in our bodies where cation = anion equilibrium must be preserved?

    <p>Intracellular, interstitiam, intravascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of maintaining equilibrium in the compartments of our bodies?

    <p>Balancing pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three compartments mentioned in the text?

    <p>Transvascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to maintain the cation = anion equilibrium in our body compartments?

    <p>To avoid electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important reason for the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) inside red blood cells (RBCs)?

    <p>Facilitating the binding of CO2 to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) or hydrogen ions (H+) bind to hemoglobin (HB)?

    <p>Release of oxygen in tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in red blood cells?

    <p>Regulating pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Bohr effect influence the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?

    <p>Reduces its affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs?

    <p>Oxygen is absorbed by RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, which of the following is released?

    <p>Hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of CO2 being released when O2 binds to Hb in the lungs?

    <p>Haldane effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of O2 binding to Hb in the lungs, what is the consequence of the release of hydrogen ions?

    <p>Decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is observed when CO2 binds to hemoglobin in tissues?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During CO2 transport, what happens when H+ is released from hemoglobin?

    <p>CO2 is released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula is used to calculate the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

    <p>Henry's Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of CO2 transport, what happens when hydrogen ions (H+) are released from hemoglobin?

    <p>Blood pH decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Henry's Law specifically applied to determine the concentration of dissolved CO2 in plasma?

    <p>To calculate bicarbonate formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does carbon dioxide (CO2) binding to hemoglobin (Hb) have on hemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

    <p>Decreases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) in plasma impact plasma viscosity?

    <p>Increases plasma viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of CO2 is transported via hemoglobin according to the text?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In CO2 transport, which compartment contains 2.4ml of the total 5ml?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much CO2 is transported in carbaminoHb during CO2 transport?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of total CO2 transported in plasma during CO2 transport?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of CO2 transport, where is the majority of CO2 not transported?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of CO2 in blood, given an arterial pressure of 40 mmHg and a solubility constant of 2.4 ml/dl?

    <p>0.96 ml/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the subscript 'v' represent in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

    <p>Volume of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating the dissolved CO2 concentration, what does 'Pa' stand for in PvCO2?

    <p>Partial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of multiplying the arterial pressure by the solubility constant in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

    <p>To find dissolved CO2 concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of CO2 transport, what does 'S CO2' represent in the equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

    <p>Solubility of CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is one liter of blood distributed from the heart to the skeletal muscles?

    <p>To the arms and legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many liters of blood does the GIT receive from the heart?

    <p>One liter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ or system receives one liter of blood from the heart?

    <p>The brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kidneys receive one liter of blood each from the heart?

    <p>Two kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body part or system is NOT specifically mentioned in the distribution of blood from the heart?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the belief that one's enemy is suffering except for oneself?

    <p>Schadenfreude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an individual wrongly believe about their enemy?

    <p>They suffer in the presence of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does an individual incorrectly attribute to their enemy?

    <p>Praying for them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what misconception does an individual have about their enemy's attitude towards others?

    <p>Their enemy only cares about themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What incorrect assumption does an individual have regarding the feelings of their enemy towards others?

    <p>Their enemy feels joy when seeing others suffer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quale est la concentration de O2 dissolvite in plasmate, citate in le texto?

    <p>0.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quant es la quantitate de CO2 dissolvite in plasmate, considerate in le texto?

    <p>0.003</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le quantitate de CO2 transportate in carbaminoHb durante le transporto de CO2?

    <p>0.003 ml/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantum de O2 se trova dissolvite in plasmate quando comparate con CO2?

    <p>Minus que CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le resultato de multiplicar SCO2 per 20?

    <p>0.06</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le quantitate de CO2 transportate in bicarbonate durante le transporto de CO2?

    <p>2.4 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quante percento de CO2 es transportate in carbaminoHb durante le transporto de CO2?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le quantitate de CO2 non transportate in plasma durante le processos?

    <p>3.6 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lo que significa 'CO2' in le equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

    <p>Concentration de CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qual fraction del CO2 total transportate se trova le majoritate del bicarbonate?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle es le consequentia de mantener le equilibrio cation = anion in le tres compartimentos de nostre corpora?

    <p>Alteration del pH intra- e extracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le ration principal pro le transito de plus CO2 como bicarbonato?

    <p>Minimisar le cambiamento de pH sanguin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le effecto de CO2 ligate a hemoglobina (Hb) sur le affinitate del Hb pro oxygino?

    <p>Reduction del affinitate pro oxygino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qual compartimento se trova un total de 2.4 ml del 5 ml de cationes = aniones mentionate in le texto?

    <p>Intravascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es un ration primari pro multiplicar le pression arterial per le constantia de solubilitate in le equation [CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2?

    <p>Calcular le concentration de CO2 dissolvite in plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual est le effecto principal del reductase intra le RBCs in relation al ferric?

    <p>Converte ferric a ferruginose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lo que representa 'NADPHMethemoglobin reductase' in le contexto del texto?

    <p>Un enzime que reduce ferric a ferruginose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual est le consequentia de la liberation de ioni hydrogenio quando O2 se liga a Hb in le pulmones?

    <p>Reduction del pH del plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual est le effecto del ligamento de O2 a Hb in le pulmones?

    <p>Transforma CO2 in bicarbonato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual est le enzime que catalyse le reaction inter CO2 e H2O?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase (CA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le formula usate pro calcular le concentration de CO2 disolvite in plasma?

    <p>[CO2]v = PvCO2 * S CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In le contexto de transporto de CO2, lo que occurre quando H+ es liberate ab hemoglobina?

    <p>Illo forma bicarbonato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual es le principal ration pro le alte percentage de transporto de CO2 como bicarbonato?

    <p>Pro conservar un pH stable del sangue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quanto litros de sanguine recipe le tracto gastrointestinal (GIT) ab le corde?

    <p>1 litro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lo que occur quando oxygene se combina con hemoglobina in los pulmones?

    <p>Oxygene es liberate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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