18 Questions
What was a central belief of the Protestants mentioned in the text?
Individuals have a direct relationship with God
How did Protestants view hierarchy in matters of religion?
They promoted an anti-hierarchic ideology
Who is associated with the Protestant work ethic according to the text?
Max Weber
What literary genre emerged from Puritanism according to the text?
Spiritual diaries
How did Tudor architecture differ from that on the continent during the Renaissance period?
Tudor architecture focused on Gothic style
What was the Protestants' view on the authority in religious matters?
Bible alone should dictate religious practices
Who was the mother of Mary I?
Catherine of Aragon
What was the Act of Supremacy in 1534?
A recognition of Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church of England
What title did Henry VIII receive after defending the Catholic faith?
Fidei defensor
During King Edward VI's reign, what were churches 'whitewashed'?
No decorations on or in the buildings
Who was Thomas Cranmer and what did he introduce?
Archbishop of Canterbury; introduced The Book of Common Prayer
Which monarch had a short reign from 1547 to 1553 and was a fervent supporter of Protestantism?
Edward VI
What was one of the economic impacts of Henry VIII's dissolution of the Catholic church?
Transfer of one quarter of the country's land to the crown
How did the dissolution of the Catholic church impact the poor and basic education?
Cessation of support for the poor and basic education previously provided by monasteries
After Henry VIII confiscated monastery possessions, to whom were the lands sold?
Higher and lower aristocracy, and rich merchants
What belief change contributed to a decline in donations to the church after Catholicism ended?
Belief in purgatory and punishment
What was one of the social impacts of the dissolution of Catholic monasteries?
End of basic education provided by the monasteries
What happened to Protestants who were persecuted under Mary I. and then returned as Puritans?
They became 'radical Calvinists' known as Puritans
Study Notes
The Dissolution of the Monasteries
- Henry VIII confiscated the possessions of monasteries, leading to their decay and plundering for building materials, marking the end of Catholicism.
- Monasteries held one quarter of the country's land, which was confiscated by Henry VIII and sold cheaply to the aristocracy and rich merchants.
Economic Impacts
- The dissolution of monasteries led to a significant transfer of land ownership, with Henry VIII selling confiscated land to the higher and lower aristocracy, as well as rich merchants.
- This allowed new social classes to emerge, such as the landed gentry.
Social Impacts
- The end of Catholicism stopped donations to the church, which had previously provided for the poor and provided basic education.
- Elizabeth I introduced new laws to address the needs of the poor and parishes.
Puritanism
- Puritanism developed from persecuted Protestants who fled to the continent and returned as "radical Calvinists".
- Puritans believed in the sole authority of the Bible and individual relationships with God, rejecting Catholic hierarchical structures.
- Puritanism appealed to the rising middle class, rather than the old feudal order.
Literary Genre
- Puritanism led to the literary genre of the novel, stemming from spiritual diaries kept by Puritans.
Tudor Culture
- The Reformation brought an end to church building, with the late Gothic perpendicular style still prevalent.
- Characteristics of the Tudor style include architecture from the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Reformation
- The Act of Supremacy (1534) recognized Henry VIII as the "Supreme Head of the Church of England", establishing a national church.
- Henry VIII was granted the title "Defender of the Faith" in 1521 for defending the Catholic faith.
- During Edward VI's reign, churches were "whitewashed" to minimize distractions from the word of God.
Notable Figures
- Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, introduced The Book of Common Prayer in 1549 and 1552.
Explore the economic impacts of Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries in England. Learn about how the possessions of the monasteries were confiscated, leading to the decay of abbeys, churches, and the transfer of land to the crown.
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