Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was Henry II's primary aim when addressing external threats from Wales, Scotland, and Ireland?
What was Henry II's primary aim when addressing external threats from Wales, Scotland, and Ireland?
What was the outcome of Henry II's negotiation with Lord Rhys in 1171?
What was the outcome of Henry II's negotiation with Lord Rhys in 1171?
How did the death of Owain impact Henry II's control in Wales?
How did the death of Owain impact Henry II's control in Wales?
Which event demonstrated a fluctuation in Henry II's authority in Wales?
Which event demonstrated a fluctuation in Henry II's authority in Wales?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the nature of Henry II's control over Scotland by 1172?
What was the nature of Henry II's control over Scotland by 1172?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did internal divisions among Welsh nobles play by 1170?
What role did internal divisions among Welsh nobles play by 1170?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characterization best describes Henry II's overall control by 1172?
Which characterization best describes Henry II's overall control by 1172?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of Henry II's control in Ireland can be inferred from the content?
What aspect of Henry II's control in Ireland can be inferred from the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant contribution of Richard fitz Nigel in the context of financial procedures?
What was a significant contribution of Richard fitz Nigel in the context of financial procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which reform was the first major legal reform during the reign of Henry II that reduced baronial power?
Which reform was the first major legal reform during the reign of Henry II that reduced baronial power?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the Pipe Rolls contribute to the effectiveness of Henry II's government?
How did the Pipe Rolls contribute to the effectiveness of Henry II's government?
Signup and view all the answers
What was an effect of the Assize of Northampton during Henry II's reign?
What was an effect of the Assize of Northampton during Henry II's reign?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a consequence of the Inquest of Sheriffs established under Henry II?
What was a consequence of the Inquest of Sheriffs established under Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What crucial aspect did Henry II's reforms introduce to the justice system?
What crucial aspect did Henry II's reforms introduce to the justice system?
Signup and view all the answers
What methodology did Richard fitz Nigel use to address counter debasement in coinage?
What methodology did Richard fitz Nigel use to address counter debasement in coinage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following reforms aimed at standardizing legal procedures in England?
Which of the following reforms aimed at standardizing legal procedures in England?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did professionalism play in the governance during Henry II's reign?
What role did professionalism play in the governance during Henry II's reign?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the basis for the financial reforms implemented by Henry II?
What was the basis for the financial reforms implemented by Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary reason for Henry II's initial control over Scotland in 1172?
What was the primary reason for Henry II's initial control over Scotland in 1172?
Signup and view all the answers
Which event in 1169 was important for maintaining Henry II's control of the Vexin?
Which event in 1169 was important for maintaining Henry II's control of the Vexin?
Signup and view all the answers
What led to the perception of Henry II's control in Ireland as temporary?
What led to the perception of Henry II's control in Ireland as temporary?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the underlying issues of Henry II's control over Scotland?
What was one of the underlying issues of Henry II's control over Scotland?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a critical factor in Henry II’s diplomacy leading to his control over Brittany?
What was a critical factor in Henry II’s diplomacy leading to his control over Brittany?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Henry II do to consolidate his power in Normandy?
What did Henry II do to consolidate his power in Normandy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which military action highlighted Henry II's military prowess in Brittany in the 1156-1166 period?
Which military action highlighted Henry II's military prowess in Brittany in the 1156-1166 period?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the effect of Henry II's absence from Ireland on his control?
What was the effect of Henry II's absence from Ireland on his control?
Signup and view all the answers
Which campaign demonstrated Henry II's military capability and thus his influence over Louis VII?
Which campaign demonstrated Henry II's military capability and thus his influence over Louis VII?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way did Henry II's reforms differ from his military strategies?
In what way did Henry II's reforms differ from his military strategies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of Henry II's military actions was often criticized for leading to instability?
Which aspect of Henry II's military actions was often criticized for leading to instability?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the limitations of Henry II's military strength by 1172?
What was one of the limitations of Henry II's military strength by 1172?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the primary outcome of the Assize of Northampton in 1176?
What was the primary outcome of the Assize of Northampton in 1176?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the King's Bench established in 1178?
Which of the following best describes the King's Bench established in 1178?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one major consequence of the Assize of Arms enacted in 1181?
What was one major consequence of the Assize of Arms enacted in 1181?
Signup and view all the answers
Which role did Richard de Lucy fulfill during Henry II's reign?
Which role did Richard de Lucy fulfill during Henry II's reign?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant reform introduced by Bishop Nigel of Ely?
What was a significant reform introduced by Bishop Nigel of Ely?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Thomas Becket contribute to Henry II's administration?
How did Thomas Becket contribute to Henry II's administration?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Book of Pleas achieve during Henry II's reforms?
What did the Book of Pleas achieve during Henry II's reforms?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary function did Richard Fitz Nigel serve in Henry II's government?
What primary function did Richard Fitz Nigel serve in Henry II's government?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the underlying aim of the reforms initiated by Henry II in his legal system?
What was the underlying aim of the reforms initiated by Henry II in his legal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of the Assize of Northampton?
Which statement accurately reflects the impact of the Assize of Northampton?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the criticisms faced by the Assize of Arms from the barons?
What was one of the criticisms faced by the Assize of Arms from the barons?
Signup and view all the answers
What major area did the reforms under Henry II transform?
What major area did the reforms under Henry II transform?
Signup and view all the answers
Why was Richard Fitz Nigel described as self-made?
Why was Richard Fitz Nigel described as self-made?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of Henry II’s major legal reforms that enhanced royal control over local governance?
What was one of Henry II’s major legal reforms that enhanced royal control over local governance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which action taken by Henry II aimed to diminish the power of the barons?
Which action taken by Henry II aimed to diminish the power of the barons?
Signup and view all the answers
In what way did Henry II's military strategies impact his reign?
In what way did Henry II's military strategies impact his reign?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the financial consequence of the increasing feudal rights during Henry II's reign?
What was the financial consequence of the increasing feudal rights during Henry II's reign?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Henry II's justice system reforms enhance his control as king?
How did Henry II's justice system reforms enhance his control as king?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant reform did Henry II implement regarding the role of sheriffs?
What significant reform did Henry II implement regarding the role of sheriffs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following reflected a change in government under Henry II?
Which of the following reflected a change in government under Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect did the Cartae Baronum of 1166 have on the feudal system?
What effect did the Cartae Baronum of 1166 have on the feudal system?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the consequence of the inquest of the sheriffs initiated in 1170?
What was the consequence of the inquest of the sheriffs initiated in 1170?
Signup and view all the answers
The destruction of adulterine castles had which of the following effects?
The destruction of adulterine castles had which of the following effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the strategic benefits of the king’s military campaigns against the barons?
What was one of the strategic benefits of the king’s military campaigns against the barons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the overall nature of Henry II’s reforms?
Which of the following describes the overall nature of Henry II’s reforms?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the criticisms of Henry II’s military strategies?
What was one of the criticisms of Henry II’s military strategies?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Henry II's government changes affect the relationship between landlords and vassals?
How did Henry II's government changes affect the relationship between landlords and vassals?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of governance did Ranulf de Glanvill contribute to during Henry II’s reign?
What aspect of governance did Ranulf de Glanvill contribute to during Henry II’s reign?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of Henry II's strategies to maintain military strength during the Great Rebellion?
What was one of Henry II's strategies to maintain military strength during the Great Rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes Louis VII’s role during the Great Rebellion of 1173-1174?
Which of the following describes Louis VII’s role during the Great Rebellion of 1173-1174?
Signup and view all the answers
What financial consequence did Robert, Earl of Leicester, face during this period?
What financial consequence did Robert, Earl of Leicester, face during this period?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Henry II’s leadership influence his victory in the rebellion?
How did Henry II’s leadership influence his victory in the rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
What military failure is attributed to Henry the Younger during the rebellion?
What military failure is attributed to Henry the Younger during the rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
What advantage did Henry II capitalize on when facing Louis VII?
What advantage did Henry II capitalize on when facing Louis VII?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was instrumental in allowing Henry II to remain focused on his military efforts?
Who was instrumental in allowing Henry II to remain focused on his military efforts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which outcome resulted from Louis VII’s failure to capture Rouen?
Which outcome resulted from Louis VII’s failure to capture Rouen?
Signup and view all the answers
What notable action did Henry II take before the Battle of Dol?
What notable action did Henry II take before the Battle of Dol?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant error made by William I during the rebellion?
What was a significant error made by William I during the rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant result of Thomas Becket's murder for his reputation?
What was a significant result of Thomas Becket's murder for his reputation?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Henry II's primary demand concerning the clergy that conflicted with Becket?
What was Henry II's primary demand concerning the clergy that conflicted with Becket?
Signup and view all the answers
The Compromise of Avranches in 1172 primarily resulted in what for Becket's cause?
The Compromise of Avranches in 1172 primarily resulted in what for Becket's cause?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the long-term impacts of Becket's death regarding papal authority?
What was one of the long-term impacts of Becket's death regarding papal authority?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes Becket's ambitions as an archbishop?
Which of the following correctly describes Becket's ambitions as an archbishop?
Signup and view all the answers
What accusation was often levied against Becket that contributed to his conflict with the Crown?
What accusation was often levied against Becket that contributed to his conflict with the Crown?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the significance of the 1176 agreement under Cardinal Pierlone?
What was the significance of the 1176 agreement under Cardinal Pierlone?
Signup and view all the answers
What phrase describes the conflict between the ideologies of Becket and Henry II?
What phrase describes the conflict between the ideologies of Becket and Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Henry II's public act of penance at Becket’s tomb indicate?
What did Henry II's public act of penance at Becket’s tomb indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
Despite Becket's efforts, what was one limitation regarding the application of the benefit of the clergy?
Despite Becket's efforts, what was one limitation regarding the application of the benefit of the clergy?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a key factor in the underlying tension between Becket and Henry II?
What was a key factor in the underlying tension between Becket and Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Becket's educational background influence his conflict with the Crown?
How did Becket's educational background influence his conflict with the Crown?
Signup and view all the answers
What impact did the canonization of Becket have on his legacy?
What impact did the canonization of Becket have on his legacy?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Becket’s resistance to the Constitutions of Clarendon signify?
What does Becket’s resistance to the Constitutions of Clarendon signify?
Signup and view all the answers
What action did Becket take to demonstrate his distancing from Henry II?
What action did Becket take to demonstrate his distancing from Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the main consequence of Becket's return to England in December 1170?
What was the main consequence of Becket's return to England in December 1170?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Henry II's treatment of his sons contribute to the rebellion of 1173–74?
How did Henry II's treatment of his sons contribute to the rebellion of 1173–74?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions by Henry II aggravated his son Henry the Younger?
Which of the following actions by Henry II aggravated his son Henry the Younger?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant factor in Eleanor of Aquitaine's actions during the rebellion?
What was a significant factor in Eleanor of Aquitaine's actions during the rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which event led to the election of Richard of Dover as the new archbishop?
Which event led to the election of Richard of Dover as the new archbishop?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Louis VII influence the rebellion of Henry the Younger?
How did Louis VII influence the rebellion of Henry the Younger?
Signup and view all the answers
Which castle was NOT granted to John, Henry II's youngest son?
Which castle was NOT granted to John, Henry II's youngest son?
Signup and view all the answers
Becket's action at the Council of Northampton is best described as:
Becket's action at the Council of Northampton is best described as:
Signup and view all the answers
What marked the turning point of the conflict between Becket and Henry II?
What marked the turning point of the conflict between Becket and Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following was a consequence of the Autumn Decree of 1169?
Which of the following was a consequence of the Autumn Decree of 1169?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Henry II's primary reason for exiling Becket?
What was Henry II's primary reason for exiling Becket?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did Hugh, Earl of Chester, have in the rebellion?
What role did Hugh, Earl of Chester, have in the rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions exemplified Becket's dedication to his clerical duties?
Which of the following actions exemplified Becket's dedication to his clerical duties?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the significance of the Councils of Clarendon and Westminster?
What was the significance of the Councils of Clarendon and Westminster?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a key provision of the Treaty of Montlouis in September 1174 regarding Henry II's sons?
What was a key provision of the Treaty of Montlouis in September 1174 regarding Henry II's sons?
Signup and view all the answers
How did the Limousin Rebellion in 1183 affect Henry II's authority?
How did the Limousin Rebellion in 1183 affect Henry II's authority?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treaty secured Henry II's control over Scotland?
Which treaty secured Henry II's control over Scotland?
Signup and view all the answers
What reform was introduced by the Assize of Northampton in 1176?
What reform was introduced by the Assize of Northampton in 1176?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the outcomes for Henry II after the death of his son Henry the Younger?
What was one of the outcomes for Henry II after the death of his son Henry the Younger?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following was a consequence of the Treaty of Ivry in 1177?
Which of the following was a consequence of the Treaty of Ivry in 1177?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant factor contributing to Henry II's loss of French lands by the end of his reign?
What was a significant factor contributing to Henry II's loss of French lands by the end of his reign?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Philip II position himself during the conflicts with Henry II?
How did Philip II position himself during the conflicts with Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Henry II have to concede to Philip II after his defeat in 1189?
What did Henry II have to concede to Philip II after his defeat in 1189?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did military skill play in Philip II’s threat to Henry II?
What role did military skill play in Philip II’s threat to Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes the effect of the King’s Bench established in 1178?
Which of the following describes the effect of the King’s Bench established in 1178?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one of the results of the Treaty of Falaise for Henry II's authority over Scotland?
What was one of the results of the Treaty of Falaise for Henry II's authority over Scotland?
Signup and view all the answers
Why was Henry II's failure to resolve inheritance issues problematic?
Why was Henry II's failure to resolve inheritance issues problematic?
Signup and view all the answers
What was one reason for the decline in Henry II's support from the nobility?
What was one reason for the decline in Henry II's support from the nobility?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant outcome of the Great Rebellion of 1173-74?
What was a significant outcome of the Great Rebellion of 1173-74?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Duke Richard's rebellion of 1189 differ from the Great Rebellion in terms of French involvement?
How did Duke Richard's rebellion of 1189 differ from the Great Rebellion in terms of French involvement?
Signup and view all the answers
What action of Henry II is identified as alienating key supporters during both rebellions?
What action of Henry II is identified as alienating key supporters during both rebellions?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a key factor that contributed to Richard's effectiveness during his rebellion compared to Henry the Younger?
What was a key factor that contributed to Richard's effectiveness during his rebellion compared to Henry the Younger?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between Henry II and his sons during the Great Rebellion?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between Henry II and his sons during the Great Rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Louis VII's main motivation during the Great Rebellion?
What was Louis VII's main motivation during the Great Rebellion?
Signup and view all the answers
During which event did Richard and Philip II join forces against Henry II?
During which event did Richard and Philip II join forces against Henry II?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a significant reason for the failure of John’s campaign in Ireland in 1185?
What was a significant reason for the failure of John’s campaign in Ireland in 1185?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did Duke Richard’s prior experience play in his rebellion of 1189?
What role did Duke Richard’s prior experience play in his rebellion of 1189?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these descriptions best fits Richard's actions regarding Aquitaine?
Which of these descriptions best fits Richard's actions regarding Aquitaine?
Signup and view all the answers
What was a primary cause of tension between Henry II and his sons?
What was a primary cause of tension between Henry II and his sons?
Signup and view all the answers
How did Henry II's personal relationships influence the rebellions?
How did Henry II's personal relationships influence the rebellions?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Philip II's role in Richard's rebellion primarily consist of?
What did Philip II's role in Richard's rebellion primarily consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Henry II's Goal for Control
Henry II's Goal for Control
Henry II aimed to neutralize threats from Wales, Scotland, and Ireland to establish control and beneficial alliances.
Henry II's Control of Wales
Henry II's Control of Wales
Henry II's control over Wales, while significant, was partial, largely due to the fluctuating power dynamics among Welsh princes and the importance of alliances with figures like Lord Rhys.
Henry's Alliance with Lord Rhys
Henry's Alliance with Lord Rhys
Henry II's influence over Wales was strengthened through diplomacy and alliances, such as with Lord Rhys, who submitted to Henry's leadership and even fought alongside him in the Great Rebellion.
Henry II's Initial Struggle in Wales
Henry II's Initial Struggle in Wales
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Control over Scotland
Henry II's Control over Scotland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Control over Ireland
Henry II's Control over Ireland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Overall Strategy
Henry II's Overall Strategy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Control by 1172
Henry II's Control by 1172
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Control of Scotland
Henry II's Control of Scotland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Control of Ireland
Henry II's Control of Ireland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Acquisition of Brittany
Henry II's Acquisition of Brittany
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Marriage Alliance with the French
Henry II's Marriage Alliance with the French
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treaty of Montmirail
Treaty of Montmirail
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Military Actions in France
Henry II's Military Actions in France
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Reforms in Normandy and France
Henry II's Reforms in Normandy and France
Signup and view all the flashcards
Superficial Control over Scotland
Superficial Control over Scotland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Strategic Alliances in Ireland
Strategic Alliances in Ireland
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diplomacy in Acquiring Brittany
Diplomacy in Acquiring Brittany
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reconciliation through Treaty
Reconciliation through Treaty
Signup and view all the flashcards
Military Actions: Costly and Unsustainable
Military Actions: Costly and Unsustainable
Signup and view all the flashcards
Consolidation of Power through Reforms
Consolidation of Power through Reforms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Military Prowess: One Factor
Military Prowess: One Factor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Sheriff Reforms
Henry II's Sheriff Reforms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assize of Clarendon
Assize of Clarendon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Inquest of the Sheriffs
Inquest of the Sheriffs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adulterine Castles
Adulterine Castles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Military Campaigns
Military Campaigns
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wardship
Wardship
Signup and view all the flashcards
Echeat
Echeat
Signup and view all the flashcards
Confiscation of Castles (Hugh Bigod)
Confiscation of Castles (Hugh Bigod)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cartae Baronum
Cartae Baronum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Reforms in England
Henry II's Reforms in England
Signup and view all the flashcards
Evolution, Not Revolution
Evolution, Not Revolution
Signup and view all the flashcards
Strengthening Royal Authority
Strengthening Royal Authority
Signup and view all the flashcards
Legal Reforms and Efficiency
Legal Reforms and Efficiency
Signup and view all the flashcards
Professionalism in Government
Professionalism in Government
Signup and view all the flashcards
Efficiency and Accountability
Efficiency and Accountability
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II and the Evolution of Kingship
Henry II and the Evolution of Kingship
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the "Dialogue of the Exchequer"?
What is the "Dialogue of the Exchequer"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How did Henry II change financial practices?
How did Henry II change financial practices?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What were "Pipe Rolls"?
What were "Pipe Rolls"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What was the "Assize of Clarendon"?
What was the "Assize of Clarendon"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What was the "Assize of Arms"?
What was the "Assize of Arms"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How did Henry II's reforms strengthen royal authority?
How did Henry II's reforms strengthen royal authority?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What was the "Assize of Northampton"?
What was the "Assize of Northampton"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How effective were the sheriffs after the "Assize of Clarendon"?
How effective were the sheriffs after the "Assize of Clarendon"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Did Henry II completely eliminate old legal processes?
Did Henry II completely eliminate old legal processes?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How did Henry II's reforms impact English society?
How did Henry II's reforms impact English society?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Military Preparations
Henry II's Military Preparations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Military Prowess
Henry II's Military Prowess
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Financial Strength
Henry II's Financial Strength
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Political Leverage
Henry II's Political Leverage
Signup and view all the flashcards
The Military Incompetence of Henry II's Opponents
The Military Incompetence of Henry II's Opponents
Signup and view all the flashcards
The Disunity of Henry II's Opponents
The Disunity of Henry II's Opponents
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Support Network
Henry II's Support Network
Signup and view all the flashcards
Influence of Opposition Errors on Henry II's Victory
Influence of Opposition Errors on Henry II's Victory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Louis VII's Role in Henry II's Victory
Louis VII's Role in Henry II's Victory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Louis VII's Errors and Henry II's Victory
Louis VII's Errors and Henry II's Victory
Signup and view all the flashcards
Trial by Ordeal
Trial by Ordeal
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assize of Northampton
Assize of Northampton
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assize of Arms
Assize of Arms
Signup and view all the flashcards
What were Eyres?
What were Eyres?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What was the Book of Pleas?
What was the Book of Pleas?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How did De Glanvill impact legal consistency?
How did De Glanvill impact legal consistency?
Signup and view all the flashcards
King's Bench
King's Bench
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who was Richard de Lucy?
Who was Richard de Lucy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who was Bishop Nigel of Ely?
Who was Bishop Nigel of Ely?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are some of Thomas Becket's contributions?
What are some of Thomas Becket's contributions?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who was Richard Fitz Nigel?
Who was Richard Fitz Nigel?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What were some of the key changes made by Henry II?
What were some of the key changes made by Henry II?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What were some challenges faced by Henry II's reforms?
What were some challenges faced by Henry II's reforms?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What were the lasting legacies of Henry II's reforms?
What were the lasting legacies of Henry II's reforms?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assess the impact of Henry II's legal reforms.
Assess the impact of Henry II's legal reforms.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Simony and Becket
Simony and Becket
Signup and view all the flashcards
Church Legal Privileges
Church Legal Privileges
Signup and view all the flashcards
Benefit of the Clergy
Benefit of the Clergy
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compromise of Avranches
Compromise of Avranches
Signup and view all the flashcards
Constitutions of Clarendon
Constitutions of Clarendon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Church Appointments
Church Appointments
Signup and view all the flashcards
Papal Supremacy?
Papal Supremacy?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Appeals to the Pope
Appeals to the Pope
Signup and view all the flashcards
Royal Control of the Church
Royal Control of the Church
Signup and view all the flashcards
Becket's Martyrdom
Becket's Martyrdom
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cult of Becket
Cult of Becket
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Penance
Henry II's Penance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Becket's Enemies
Becket's Enemies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Becket's Cause
Becket's Cause
Signup and view all the flashcards
Clash of Ideologies
Clash of Ideologies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Becket's Ambition
Becket's Ambition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Council of Clarendon
Council of Clarendon
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Treatment of Sons
Henry II's Treatment of Sons
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry the Younger
Henry the Younger
Signup and view all the flashcards
John 'Lackland'
John 'Lackland'
Signup and view all the flashcards
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Signup and view all the flashcards
Louis VII
Louis VII
Signup and view all the flashcards
Becket's Murder
Becket's Murder
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cause of the Great Rebellion (Sons)
Cause of the Great Rebellion (Sons)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Great Rebellion of 1173-74
Great Rebellion of 1173-74
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treaty of Montmirail (Exclusion)
Treaty of Montmirail (Exclusion)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Confiscation
Henry II's Confiscation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Council of Northampton
Council of Northampton
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Power Play
Henry II's Power Play
Signup and view all the flashcards
Gilbert Foliot's Perspective
Gilbert Foliot's Perspective
Signup and view all the flashcards
Great Rebellion vs. Duke Richard's Rebellion: Similar Causes, Different Outcomes
Great Rebellion vs. Duke Richard's Rebellion: Similar Causes, Different Outcomes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Internecine Struggle
Internecine Struggle
Signup and view all the flashcards
French King's Involvement
French King's Involvement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Antagonistic Actions
Henry II's Antagonistic Actions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treaty of Montlouis (1174)
Treaty of Montlouis (1174)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Limousin Rebellion (1183)
Limousin Rebellion (1183)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treaty of Falaise (1174)
Treaty of Falaise (1174)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Treaty of Ivry (1177)
Treaty of Ivry (1177)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assize of Northampton (1176)
Assize of Northampton (1176)
Signup and view all the flashcards
King's Bench (1178)
King's Bench (1178)
Signup and view all the flashcards
The Demise of Henry II
The Demise of Henry II
Signup and view all the flashcards
Philip II
Philip II
Signup and view all the flashcards
Philip II's Political Skill
Philip II's Political Skill
Signup and view all the flashcards
Philip II's Military Prowess
Philip II's Military Prowess
Signup and view all the flashcards
Failure to Resolve Inheritance Issues
Failure to Resolve Inheritance Issues
Signup and view all the flashcards
Henry II's Age and Failing Health
Henry II's Age and Failing Health
Signup and view all the flashcards
The Last Years of Henry II's Reign
The Last Years of Henry II's Reign
Signup and view all the flashcards
Philip II's Motivations
Philip II's Motivations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Henry II's Control Over Scotland, Wales, and Ireland (1172)
- Henry II, ascending to the throne in 1154, faced external threats from Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, necessitating control for alliances and security.
- By 1172, he achieved a degree of control, but full authority was limited.
Wales
- Henry reduced Welsh threats to England's borders and established himself as an overlord.
- Treaty with Lord Rhys (1171): Rhys submitted to Henry's leadership, keeping his territories, and fought alongside Henry in the Great Rebellion.
- Justiciar appointment (1172) strengthened the relationship.
- Previous campaigns (1157, 1163) and the Woodstock conference showcased some authority but were interrupted by Lord Rhys' rebellion.
- The death of Owain created opportunities for diplomacy.
- Internal divisions amongst Welsh princes diminished their power.
- Limited but lasting alliance with Rhys was crucial.
Scotland
- Henry's control over Scotland was nominal, focused on the King, not the territory.
- William the Lion (1165) aimed for autonomy, challenging Henry's authority and attempting alliance with Louis VII.
- Henry lacked sustained control due to William's determination and political instability.
- Previous loyalty of Malcolm IV diminished.
- Temporary dominance stemmed from fragile alliances, not territorial control.
- Instability had the potential to decline further.
Ireland
- Henry II fostered control (through Strongbow) by securing Leinster and parts of Meath.
- Strongbow's role was fundamental in consolidating this initial power.
- The submission of fifteen kings signified a shift from no control to presence in strategic regions.
- Achieved a basis for future control over closer, more strategic regions.
Henry II's Control Over France (1172)
- Henry II's control in France was achieved more through skillful politics than solely military success.
Diplomacy
- Brittany (1158): Henry used diplomacy and appeals to Louis VII as overlord for control gains, minimizing military conflict.
- Vexin: Marriage alliances helped secure this strategically important region through a papal alliance. This ensured Angevin lands remained in the family and reconciled with Louis VII, deterring immediate tension.
Military
- Brittany: Supports on land claims reduced potential threats to his rule
- Battles fought by Henry showed he was more powerful than Louis VII.
- Demonstrated the threat from a military perspective yet showed he was adept as a diplomat.
Reforms (Normandy & French Territory)
- Control of barons, financial/legal system innovations, and record-keeping improvements.
- These reforms built a foundation for sustained power, though not the sole reason for success.
Henry II's Military Prowess in Restoring Royal Power (1172)
-
Military strategies and campaigns were crucial in consolidating royal power.
-
Legal reforms (sheriffs, assizes) strengthened long-term control.
-
Military successes reduced baronial power through strategic interventions against castles and "quasi-kingdoms."
-
Strengthened feudal rights and centralized power, fostering loyalty/ revenue.
Changes in Kingship During Henry II's Reign
- Evolutionary, not revolutionary, consolidating power over the feudal system, but not eliminating the baronial class.
- Increased bureaucratic/standardized governance, professionalism, and accountability.
Nature of Henry II's Governmental Changes
- Reforms aimed to strengthen royal authority but also aimed to improve efficiency, accountability, and fairness.
Henry II's Financial Reforms
- Financial reforms were instrumental in strengthening royal authority, though not the single factor.
Henry II's System of Royal Justice
- Significant changes involved standardized justice.
- Assize of Clarendon (1166): Allowed sheriffs to pursue felons, standardized justice, and limited baronial power.
- Assize of Northampton (1176): Introduced standardized writs for land disputes, increased royal revenue, and created circuits for royal justices.
- Assize of Arms (1181): Restricted weapons possession, influencing baronial power.
Royal Officials Under Henry II
- Crucial officials like Richard de Lucy, Bishop Nigel, and Thomas Becket contributed substantially.
Thomas Becket's Conflict (1162-1164)
- Becket's ambition was a key cause of conflict with Henry II, clashing on issues including legal privileges and papal supremacy.
- His death turned him into a martyr, impacting his reputation and promoting his cause against the Crown in the long run, though his aims on church legal privileges were not entirely fulfilled.
The Great Rebellion (1173-1174)
- Henry II's treatment of his sons, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Louis VII were significant causes.
Consequences of the Great Rebellion
- Primarily re-established Henry II's authority over his family through treaties and concessions but was not a complete resolution of tensions.
- Enhanced foreign relations (especially with Scotland, France).
- Increased royal authority through tighter legal reforms.
Henry II's Loss of French Lands
- Philip II's ambition to reduce Angevin power, coupled with Henry II's aging and failing heath, weakened his position, leading to a humiliating loss of territory.
- His family (especially Richard's rebellion) increasingly acted against his authority, weakening him.
Similarities/Differences Between Rebellions (1173-1174 and 1189)
- Both rebellions stemmed from family issues, French king's involvement, and Henry's actions, but Henry II’s defeat was significantly more comprehensive in 1189, due to a change to his relationship with his family and Philip II’s increased power and desire to expand their control over Angevin territory.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on King Henry II's strategies and outcomes regarding external threats from Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. This quiz covers key events and characterizations of his reign by 1172. Dive into the political landscape and assess his control over these regions.