Hemostasis

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What are the characteristic features of different types of clots?

Attachment to brain tissue

Attachment to lung tissue

Attachment to muscle tissue

Attachment to underlying vessel or heart wall (correct)

What is the goal of vasoconstriction in hemostasis?

Promote platelet aggregation

Limit clot to injured site

Temporarily stop bleeding (correct)

Activate coagulation cascade

What is the primary goal of secondary hemostasis?

Promote platelet aggregation

Limit clot to injured site

Cement platelet plug with fibrin (correct)

Form platelet plug

What is the primary function of normal hemostasis in normal vessels?

Maintain blood in a fluid clot-free state (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombosis?

Intravascular coagulation of blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Virchow's Triad refer to in relation to thrombosis?

Sites of trauma/inflammation, dysfunctional endothelium, aneurysms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of antithrombotic counter-regulation?

Limit clot to injured site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of normal hemostasis at the site of vascular injury?

Induce a rapid and localized hemostatic plug (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are thrombi not as prominent?

Veins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of thrombi?

Platelets, fibrin, RBCs, degenerating leukocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for arterial thrombi?

Coronary, cerebral, femoral arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of infarction?

Occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where do most pulmonary emboli originate from?

Deep leg veins above the knee (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consequence of embolism?

Infarction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of edema due to pulmonary embolism?

Increased hydrostatic pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component responsible for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?

Albumin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of reduced plasma osmotic pressure?

Hypoproteinemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is sodium retention a significant factor?

Renal insufficiency (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of lymphatic obstruction in some cases of edema?

Inflammatory conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of foreign body embolism?

Crushing and injecting oral meds made with talc filler (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?

Left-sided heart failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of right-sided congestive heart failure?

Periorbital edema (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between petechiae and purpura?

Size of hemorrhages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of widespread activation of the coagulation system in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Consumption of platelets and coagulation factors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hemorrhage in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Infant with Haemophilus influenzae type B infection (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure?

Frothy, blood-tinged fluid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of active ↑ inflow and passive ↓ outflow in congestion?

Red tissue without causing ischemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common feature of generalized edema?

Affects all body parts equally (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of purpura?

≥3 mm hemorrhages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of neurogenic shock?

Loss of vascular tone and peripheral pooling of blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the release of thromboplastic substances into the circulation in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

Widespread injury to endothelial cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of anasarca?

Severe edema with subcutaneous swelling (A) Signup and view all the answers