Hemostasis

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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristic features of different types of clots?

  • Attachment to brain tissue
  • Attachment to lung tissue
  • Attachment to muscle tissue
  • Attachment to underlying vessel or heart wall (correct)

What is the goal of vasoconstriction in hemostasis?

  • Promote platelet aggregation
  • Limit clot to injured site
  • Temporarily stop bleeding (correct)
  • Activate coagulation cascade

What is the primary goal of secondary hemostasis?

  • Promote platelet aggregation
  • Limit clot to injured site
  • Cement platelet plug with fibrin (correct)
  • Form platelet plug

What is the primary function of normal hemostasis in normal vessels?

<p>Maintain blood in a fluid clot-free state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombosis?

<p>Intravascular coagulation of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Virchow's Triad refer to in relation to thrombosis?

<p>Sites of trauma/inflammation, dysfunctional endothelium, aneurysms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of antithrombotic counter-regulation?

<p>Limit clot to injured site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of normal hemostasis at the site of vascular injury?

<p>Induce a rapid and localized hemostatic plug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are thrombi not as prominent?

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of thrombi?

<p>Platelets, fibrin, RBCs, degenerating leukocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site for arterial thrombi?

<p>Coronary, cerebral, femoral arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of infarction?

<p>Occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most pulmonary emboli originate from?

<p>Deep leg veins above the knee (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important consequence of embolism?

<p>Infarction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of edema due to pulmonary embolism?

<p>Increased hydrostatic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component responsible for maintaining plasma osmotic pressure?

<p>Albumin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of reduced plasma osmotic pressure?

<p>Hypoproteinemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is sodium retention a significant factor?

<p>Renal insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of lymphatic obstruction in some cases of edema?

<p>Inflammatory conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of foreign body embolism?

<p>Crushing and injecting oral meds made with talc filler (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?

<p>Left-sided heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of right-sided congestive heart failure?

<p>Periorbital edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between petechiae and purpura?

<p>Size of hemorrhages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of widespread activation of the coagulation system in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Consumption of platelets and coagulation factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hemorrhage in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Infant with Haemophilus influenzae type B infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure?

<p>Frothy, blood-tinged fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of active ↑ inflow and passive ↓ outflow in congestion?

<p>Red tissue without causing ischemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common feature of generalized edema?

<p>Affects all body parts equally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of purpura?

<p>≥3 mm hemorrhages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of neurogenic shock?

<p>Loss of vascular tone and peripheral pooling of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the release of thromboplastic substances into the circulation in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?

<p>Widespread injury to endothelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of anasarca?

<p>Severe edema with subcutaneous swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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