Hemostasis Medications Review

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Questions and Answers

How does aspirin exert its antiplatelet effects in preventing thrombotic events?

By directly inhibiting the synthesis of thromboxane A2, a potent platelet aggregator. (correct)
By blocking the ADP receptor on platelets, preventing platelet activation and aggregation.
By inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets.
By increasing the production of prostacyclin, which inhibits platelet aggregation.

Clopidogrel is commonly used to prevent blood clots after stent placement. By what mechanism does clopidogrel inhibit platelet aggregation?

Inhibiting thromboxane A2 production.
Blocking the ADP receptor on platelets. (correct)
Directly inhibiting thrombin.
Enhancing antithrombin III activity.

Eptifibatide is an antiplatelet medication known as a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor. What is the mechanism of action?

Preventing the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets. (correct)
Directly inhibiting thrombin.
Blocking the ADP receptor on platelets.
Inhibiting the synthesis of thromboxane A2.

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is an anticoagulant that requires monitoring of aPTT levels. What is the primary mechanism by which UFH exerts its anticoagulant effect?

Enhancing antithrombin III activity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does enoxaparin (LMWH) differ from UFH in terms of its mechanism of action?

Enoxaparin primarily inhibits factor Xa due to its shorter chain length. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Warfarin inhibits the production of functional clotting factors. What is the mechanism?

Blocking the action of vitamin K epoxide reductase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct mechanism of action of dabigatran?

Directly inhibiting thrombin. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant. What is the primary mechanism of action for apixaban?

Directly inhibiting factor Xa. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Thrombolytics, such as alteplase (tPA), are used to dissolve existing blood clots. What is the primary mechanism of action?

Converting plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How might a clinician monitor the effectiveness of UFH therapy in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?

Monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary monitoring parameter for patients taking warfarin chronically?

Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR). (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient on dabigatran requires emergency surgery, what reversal agent is typically used?

Idarucizumab. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reversal agent for heparin overdose?

Protamine sulfate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is most appropriate for monitoring the therapeutic effect of a thrombolytic agent during treatment for acute myocardial infarction?

Fibrinogen Level. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do "-ban" drugs like apixaban affect the coagulation cascade?

By directly inhibiting factor Xa (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to monitor patients on antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies?

To detect and prevent bleeding complications (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for drugs classified as thrombolytics?

Dissolving existing blood clots (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed aspirin for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. What is the expected effect of aspirin at the cellular level?

Reduced production of thromboxane A2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

How would a clinician ensure that a patient on warfarin maintains a stable therapeutic range?

Adhere to consistent vitamin K intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

In emergency situations, which drug would be least effective as a reversal agent for a patient with supratherapeutic INR values due to warfarin?

Protamine Sulfate (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aspirin: Mechanism of Action

Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase.

Clopidogrel: Mechanism of Action

Blocks the ADP receptor on platelets, preventing activation and aggregation.

Eptifibatide: Mechanism of Action

Binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor on platelets, preventing fibrinogen binding and subsequent aggregation.