Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
What is the primary effect of increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
- Decreased white blood cell migration to the tissue site
- Increased fluid leakage from blood vessels to the tissue site (correct)
- Constriction of blood vessels
- Reduced fluid leakage from blood vessels
Which of the following is NOT a chemotactic mediator involved in the inflammatory response?
Which of the following is NOT a chemotactic mediator involved in the inflammatory response?
- Histamine (correct)
- Leukotrienes
- Neutrophil chemotactic factor
- Eosinophil chemotactic factor
What is the process called when white blood cells migrate through the inner walls of blood vessels to the tissue site during inflammation?
What is the process called when white blood cells migrate through the inner walls of blood vessels to the tissue site during inflammation?
- Diapedesis (correct)
- Vasodilation
- Leukocytosis
- Chemotaxis
Which process is responsible for increasing the number of white blood cells in the blood during inflammation?
Which process is responsible for increasing the number of white blood cells in the blood during inflammation?
How do chemotactic mediators facilitate the inflammatory response?
How do chemotactic mediators facilitate the inflammatory response?
What is the primary function of the intrinsic pathway in hemostasis?
What is the primary function of the intrinsic pathway in hemostasis?
Which event directly follows the activation of factor X in the coagulation process?
Which event directly follows the activation of factor X in the coagulation process?
What is the significance of vasodilation in the inflammatory response?
What is the significance of vasodilation in the inflammatory response?
Which vasoactive chemical mediator is released by mast cells during the inflammatory process?
Which vasoactive chemical mediator is released by mast cells during the inflammatory process?
What is the direct effect of histamine on arterioles?
What is the direct effect of histamine on arterioles?
What is the effect of increased vascular permeability on the endothelium?
What is the effect of increased vascular permeability on the endothelium?
Which of the following does NOT directly result from vasodilation?
Which of the following does NOT directly result from vasodilation?
What is the primary purpose of clot formation in hemostasis?
What is the primary purpose of clot formation in hemostasis?
Flashcards
Increased vascular permeability
Increased vascular permeability
The process by which blood vessels become more permeable, allowing fluid and white blood cells to leak out into surrounding tissues. This is a crucial step in the inflammatory response.
Vasoactive mediators
Vasoactive mediators
Chemical messengers, such as histamine, bradykinin and leukotrienes, that trigger increased vascular permeability during inflammation.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis
The movement of white blood cells from the bloodstream to the site of inflammation, attracted by chemical signals.
Diapedesis
Diapedesis
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Leukocytosis
Leukocytosis
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Hemostasis (coagulation)
Hemostasis (coagulation)
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Vasodilation
Vasodilation
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Vasoactive chemical mediator
Vasoactive chemical mediator
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Histamine
Histamine
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Endothelial cells
Endothelial cells
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Mast cells
Mast cells
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Degranulation
Degranulation
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Study Notes
Hemostasis (Coagulation)
- Two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic
- Intrinsic pathway activated by internal vessel wall damage
- Extrinsic pathway initiated by tissue factor released from external trauma
- Both pathways converge on factor X activation
- Factor X converts fibrinogen to fibrin, forming a clot
- Clot slows blood flow, isolates injury, and provides a healing meshwork
Vasodilation
- Vasodilation is a key vascular response in inflammation.
- Increased vessel diameter allows more blood flow to injured tissue, bringing oxygen, nutrients, and white blood cells.
- Redness and warmth are signs of localized inflammation due to vasodilation.
- Vasoactive chemical mediators, like histamine, bradykinin, complement proteins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, promote vasodilation.
Histamine and Mast Cells
- Mast cells are granulated cells in skin, digestive lining, and respiratory tract.
- Degranulation releases inflammatory chemical mediators, including histamine.
- Histamine is a vasoactive amine, causing vascular effects.
- Histamine causes vasodilation (increased blood flow) in arterioles.
Increased Vascular Permeability and Leakage
- Increased vascular permeability means blood vessels become leakier.
- Endothelial cells (lining blood vessels) loosen, allowing fluid to leak into tissue.
- This explains edema (swelling).
- Chemical mediators like bradykinin, leukotrienes, and histamine also increase permeability.
White Blood Cell Adherence and Migration
- Leukocytosis-inducing factors increase white blood cell count.
- Chemotactic mediators recruit white blood cells to the site (chemotaxis).
- White blood cells adhere to vessel walls and migrate to the tissue via diapedesis.
- Histamine release includes chemotactic factors (neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic factors) attracting neutrophils and eosinophils.
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