Hemoptysis Causes Review
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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by patients coughing up 'currant jelly' sputum?

  • Pulmonary infarction
  • Aspergillomas
  • Pulmonary contusion
  • Necrotizing pneumonia (correct)
  • What is the most common symptom of aspergillomas?

  • Vascular disruption
  • Frothy sputum
  • Hemoptysis (correct)
  • Pleuritic pain
  • Which condition is more likely to affect a patient with prior cavitary disease from TB or bronchiectasis?

  • Aspergillomas (correct)
  • Pulmonary infarction
  • Necrotizing pneumonia
  • Pulmonary contusion
  • What is a common symptom of pulmonary infarction secondary to embolization?

    <p>Pleuritic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom of pulmonary contusion resulting from blunt chest trauma?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with hemoptysis and normal chest radiographic findings were eventually diagnosed with lung cancer?

    <p>5.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most cancers that cause hemoptysis originate?

    <p>Endobronchial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cancers causing hemoptysis are parenchymal?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the history and physical examination focus on first to avoid unnecessary workup for a pulmonary cause of blood-tinged sputum?

    <p>Nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study, how many patients with hemoptysis had abnormal chest x-rays at presentation?

    <p>Nearly 1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of blood-tinged sputum in the primary care setting during the winter?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cancers causing hemoptysis are endobronchial?

    <p>~80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pulmonary system is least likely to be the origin of cancers causing hemoptysis?

    <p>Pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common indication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy?

    <p>Ruling out the possibility of tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should fiberoptic bronchoscopy not be considered a routine test for hemoptysis?

    <p>It has a low diagnostic yield in low-risk patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are appropriate candidates for bronchoscopy based on the text?

    <p>Patients with a high-risk profile or positive cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was reported as a rare but serious complication of fiberoptic bronchoscopy?

    <p>Life-threatening cardiovascular or respiratory complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is bronchoscopy mandatory in patients with massive hemoptysis?

    <p>For patients who need surgery and to locate the bleeding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of complications are rare but do occur during fiberoptic bronchoscopy?

    <p>Life-threatening cardiovascular or respiratory complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is subjecting low-risk patients to bronchoscopic examination considered wasteful according to the text?

    <p>It increases the cost and morbidity associated with the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is most at risk of experiencing hypoxia following bronchoscopy?

    <p>&quot;Older persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary disease&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by hemoptysis, diffuse interstitial infiltrates, anemia, and may be accompanied by idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis?

    <p>Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may manifest with a family history of bleeding problems, visible telangiectasia in the buccal cavity and on the skin, and prior episodes of bleeding from multiple sites?

    <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying feature is usually present along with hemoptysis being the first sign of a bleeding disorder or excessive anticoagulant therapy?

    <p>An underlying bronchopulmonary lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may be responsible for hemoptysis found in cases where there is a dilated pulmonary–bronchial venous connection rupture due to severe mitral stenosis?

    <p>Hereditary vascular malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by vasculitic injury and hematuria accompanying the symptoms?

    <p>Goodpasture syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may present with an audible bruit on auscultation of the lung when arteriovenous malformations are present?

    <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic strategy is concluded to be the most efficient in detecting lung cancers as a cause of hemoptysis?

    <p>Bronchoscopy with initial sputum cytology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 68% in correlating with bronchoscopy for patients with hemoptysis?

    <p>Multislice computed tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of hemoptysis according to Weber F's study in 2001?

    <p>Thoracic endometriosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Garvey CJ and Hanlon R's study, what imaging technique is described as having advantages and disadvantages compared to magnetic resonance imaging?

    <p>Multislice computed tomography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study reviews the differential diagnosis and treatment of minor, moderate, and massive bleeding due to hemoptysis?

    <p>Johnson JL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the conclusion of Millar AB, Boothroyd AE, Edwards D, et al. regarding computed tomography in the investigation of unexplained hemoptysis?

    <p>High sensitivity and high specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study reappraises the causes of hemoptysis and attributes most cases to infection?

    <p>[Santiago S, Tobias J, Williams AJ] A reappraisal of the causes of hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Catamenial hemoptysis" is a term used to describe a rare result of which condition?

    <p>[Thoracic endometriosis]</p> Signup and view all the answers

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