Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which disease is characterized by impaired platelet plug formation and impaired contribution of activated platelets to blood clotting?
Which disease is characterized by impaired platelet plug formation and impaired contribution of activated platelets to blood clotting?
Which condition is caused by a lack of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland, leading to excessive urination?
Which condition is caused by a lack of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland, leading to excessive urination?
Which disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism?
Which disease is an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism?
What is the primary feature of Cretinism?
What is the primary feature of Cretinism?
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Which disease is associated with an underactive thyroid leading to symptoms such as slowed metabolism and weight gain?
Which disease is associated with an underactive thyroid leading to symptoms such as slowed metabolism and weight gain?
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What is the main characteristic of Addison Disease?
What is the main characteristic of Addison Disease?
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What is the main characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
What is the main characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
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What can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) to develop?
What can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) to develop?
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How is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) different from hemophilia?
How is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) different from hemophilia?
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What is one of the causes that can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
What is one of the causes that can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
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Which symptom is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Which symptom is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
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In which type of genetic disorder does disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) fall under?
In which type of genetic disorder does disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) fall under?
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What is the main concern with endocarditis?
What is the main concern with endocarditis?
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What is the primary cause of Acute Glomerulonephritis?
What is the primary cause of Acute Glomerulonephritis?
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What characterizes Chronic Glomerulonephritis?
What characterizes Chronic Glomerulonephritis?
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What can Acute Renal Failure lead to if left untreated?
What can Acute Renal Failure lead to if left untreated?
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Which disease results in plasma proteins and blood cells entering the filtrate?
Which disease results in plasma proteins and blood cells entering the filtrate?
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What can lead to stenosed or incompetent heart valves?
What can lead to stenosed or incompetent heart valves?
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Study Notes
Hemophilia and Bleeding Disorders
- Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal or absent clotting, resulting from a deficiency or dysfunction of a clotting factor.
- It is a sex-linked trait that occurs almost exclusively in males.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- DIC is a condition characterized by clotting throughout the vascular system, followed by bleeding.
- It occurs when normal regulation of clotting by anticoagulants is overwhelmed, often caused by infections or snake bites.
Secondary Erythrocytosis
- Secondary erythrocytosis is a condition characterized by an overabundance of red blood cells.
- It results from decreased oxygen supply, often occurring at high altitudes, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or in congestive heart failure.
Malaria
- Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan introduced into the blood by the Anopheles mosquito.
- Symptoms include chills and fever produced by toxins released when the protozoan causes red blood cells to rupture.
Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Rheumatic heart disease results from a streptococcal infection in young people.
- The toxin produced by the bacteria can cause rheumatic fever several weeks after the infection, leading to rheumatic endocarditis.
Septal Defect
- A septal defect is a hole in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart.
- It allows blood to flow from one side of the heart to the other, greatly reducing the heart's pumping effectiveness.
Endocarditis
- Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium, affecting the valves more severely than other areas.
- It may lead to scarring, causing stenosed or incompetent valves.
Coronary Thrombosis
- Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery.
Diseases of the Urinary System
Glomerulonephritis
- Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the filtration membrane within the renal corpuscle.
- It causes increased membrane permeability, allowing plasma proteins and blood cells to enter the filtrate, leading to increased urine volume.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Acute glomerulonephritis often occurs 1-3 weeks after a severe bacterial infection, such as strep throat.
- It normally subsides after several days.
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Chronic glomerulonephritis is a long-term and progressive process.
- It causes the filtration membrane to thicken and eventually be replaced by connective tissue, leading to kidney failure.
Acute Renal Failure
- Acute renal failure occurs when damage to the kidney is rapid and extensive.
- It leads to accumulation of wastes in the blood, and can lead to death in 1-2 weeks if renal failure is complete.
Endocrine Disorders
Addison Disease
- Addison disease, also known as autoimmune adrenalitis, is an acquired primary adrenal insufficiency.
- The adrenal glands make too little cortisol and often too little aldosterone.
Gestational Diabetes
- Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes.
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
- Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that decreases thyroid hormone secretion.
- It leads to a decreased metabolic rate, weight gain, and other symptoms.
Diabetes Insipidus
- Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH from the posterior pituitary.
- It results in excessive urination.
Primary Hyperthyroidism
- Primary hyperthyroidism is caused by increased blood PTH levels and elevated blood calcium levels.
Graves Disease
- Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism.
Cretinism
- Cretinism is characterized by developmental delay, short stature, and abnormally formed skeletal structures.
Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism is more common than hyperthyroidism.
- It causes symptoms like slowed metabolism, tiredness, and weight gain due to an underactive thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid producing too much thyroid hormone.
- It causes symptoms like increased metabolic rate, extreme nervousness, and chronic fatigue.
Von Willebrand Disease
- Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder.
- It impairs platelet plug formation and the contribution of activated platelets to blood clotting.
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Description
Learn about the genetic disorder Hemophilia where clotting is abnormal or absent, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) characterized by clotting throughout the vascular system followed by bleeding. Understand the causes, symptoms, and treatments for each condition.
