Hemodynamic Disorders Overview

True (A)

Sudden obstruction of venous outflow

<p>Fat embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute localized congestion = Results from sudden obstruction of venous outflow Chronic local congestion = Results from gradual obstruction of venous outflow Acute generalized congestion = Caused by acute heart failure Chronic generalized congestion = Stagnation of venous blood in all organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic obstruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cirrhosis or pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are replaced by a depressed scar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lymphatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac edema = CHF Nutritional edema = Kwashiorkor Inflammatory edema = Infection or injury Lymphatic edema = Filariasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood flow to the area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fall of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiogenic shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>united</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiogenic shock = Acute heart failure Hypovolemic shock = Severe burns Septic shock = Bacterial infection Anaphylactic shock = IgE-mediated hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction of skin and visceral blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the heart (A), In leg veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute ischemia = Due to sudden complete arterial occlusion Chronic ischemia = Due to gradual incomplete arterial occlusion Localized ischemia = Affects a specific organ or tissue Generalized ischemia = Involves decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlargement of the organ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden arterial occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air entering uterine blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pale thrombus = Mainly formed of platelets as rheumatic vegetations Red thrombus = Formed of fibrin network entangling platelets and blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation of the vascular wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased blood flow to an organ or tissue due to dilated arterioles.

Increased venous blood flow and stagnation in an organ due to outflow obstruction.

Sudden obstruction of venous outflow causing blood buildup in a specific area.

Venous blood stagnation in all organs due to gradual obstruction.

Circulating intravascular mass (solid, fluid, or gas) obstructing blood flow.

Blockage of arterioles by circulating fat globules, often from a bone fracture.

Conditions like mitral/pulmonary stenosis, lung fibrosis that lead to prolonged blood stagnation.

General effects like hypoxia, cyanosis, and edema, and organ-specific congestion in organs such as lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys.

A rare complication during pregnancy where amniotic fluid enters the mother's bloodstream, leading to severe complications.

Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel during life.

Conditions increasing the risk of blood clot formation, including inflammation of blood vessel walls, changes in blood composition (e.g., high platelets), and changes in blood flow (e.g., aneurysm).

A thrombus primarily composed of platelets.

A blood clot composed of fibrin strands and blood cells.

Obstruction of pulmonary or systemic blood circulation by a clot or foreign material.

Harmful effects of fatty acids on the inner lining of blood vessels (endothelium).

A thrombus formed in the heart, often associated with conditions like rheumatic fever or infective endocarditis.

A thrombus formed within an artery, frequently in coronary or cerebral arteries.

A thrombus forms during life and is attached to a vessel wall, whereas a clot forms during life or after death and is not attached.

Inadequate blood supply to an organ or tissue.

Localized tissue death following complete arterial blockage.

Sudden and complete blockage of an artery causing tissue damage.

Gradual and incomplete blockage of an artery, leading to a slow decline in tissue health.

A kidney damaged by lack of blood supply due to a blocked artery. After healing, the damaged area is replaced by a depressed scar.

Small areas of dead tissue in the kidney are removed by macrophages and replaced with fibrous tissue, leading to a surface depression.

Large areas of dead tissue in the kidney become surrounded by a fibrous capsule and may develop calcium deposits.

Escape of blood from blood vessels or the heart into surrounding tissues or body cavities.

Bleeding into body cavities like the chest (hemothorax), heart sac (hemopericardium), or abdomen (hemoperitoneum).

Bleeding into the spaces between tissues, causing purple spots (petechiae), larger bruises (ecchymosis), or blood clots (hematomas).

Excess fluid buildup in the spaces between cells, causing swelling.

Swelling that leaves an indentation when pressed, typical in conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, and malnutrition.

A life-threatening condition where tissues don't get enough blood flow due to low blood volume or circulation problems.

Shock can be categorized as primary (nervous) or secondary (cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic).

The heart fails to pump blood properly, causing inadequate blood flow to organs and tissues.

Shock caused by a significant decrease in blood volume, leading to low blood pressure.

Severe shock caused by bacterial infection, often with gram-negative bacteria, due to the release of endotoxins.

A severe allergic reaction triggered by an antigen, causing rapid release of chemicals that lead to a drop in blood pressure.

The body's natural responses to shock, including vasoconstriction, increased respiration, and hormonal adjustments.

The stage where compensatory mechanisms fail, resulting in a significant drop in blood pressure, hypoxia, and worsening organ damage.