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Układ pokarmowy cz 3
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Układ pokarmowy cz 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the body absorbing too much iron from food in hemochromatosis?

  • Reduced iron levels in the blood
  • Decreased oxygen transport to tissues
  • Increased hemoglobin production in red blood cells
  • Elevated iron levels in the blood and poisoning of tissues (correct)

    • What is the significance of the root '-chromat-' in the term hemochromatosis?

  • It refers to the darkening of the skin due to iron deposition (correct)
  • It refers to the production of hemoglobin
  • It refers to the binding of iron to oxygen
  • It refers to the absence of color in the skin

    • What is the function of the iron molecule in hemoglobin proteins?

  • It produces energy in the cells
  • It binds to oxygen (correct)
  • It transports oxygen to the tissues
  • It regulates iron absorption in the body

    • How much iron do healthy individuals typically absorb from their diet daily?

    <p>1-2 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of having hemochromatosis?

    <p>The body absorbs an unusually high amount of iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is iron essential for the body?

    <p>It is necessary for oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the iron absorbed by the enterocytes in people with the C282Y mutation?

    <p>It's absorbed into the bloodstream without regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of hemosiderosis in the liver?

    <p>Cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the enterocytes in the small intestine?

    <p>To regulate iron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Fenton reaction in the body?

    <p>Free radical generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the HFE gene?

    <p>To control iron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by the HFE gene mutation?

    <p>Primary hemochromatosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of frequent blood transfusions on iron levels?

    <p>Increased iron levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of iron deposition in pancreatic cells?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated amount of excess iron in the body by age 40?

    <p>&gt;20 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of diagnosis for men with hemochromatosis?

    <p>50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of iron accumulation in the skin?

    <p>Bronze pigmented skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transferrin in the blood?

    <p>Stores up to two iron molecules and safely transports it in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of high transferrin percent saturation?

    <p>The body has enough iron and doesn't need to transport it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the total iron binding capacity lab test?

    <p>To measure the ability of the blood to carry more iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ferritin in the body?

    <p>Stores iron inside cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a liver biopsy in diagnosing hemochromatosis?

    <p>To confirm iron deposition in the hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Prussian blue stain in diagnosing hemochromatosis?

    <p>To confirm iron deposition in the liver cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of treatment of hemochromatosis?

    <p>To decrease the iron load in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of deferoxamine in treating hemochromatosis?

    <p>Binds to free iron in the blood and makes it easier to get rid of via the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of hemochromatosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pancreatic digestive enzymes secreted into the duodenum?

    <p>To aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proenzymes in the pancreas?

    <p>To protect the pancreas from autodigestion by digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the pancreas in the body?

    <p>In the upper abdomen, behind the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of the pancreas being destroyed by its own digestive enzymes?

    <p>Autodigestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of protease inhibitors in the pancreas?

    <p>To prevent enzymes from doing damage if they become prematurely active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acinar cells in the pancreas?

    <p>To manufacture inactive forms of digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of trypsin in the small intestine?

    <p>To break down proteins into smaller peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of premature activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas?

    <p>Autodigestion of the pancreas and acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol abuse contributes to acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Formation of a protein plug in the pancreatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the duodenum in the activation of trypsinogen?

    <p>It is the site of trypsinogen activation by enteropeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic device used to remember the causes of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>I GET SMASHED</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of autodigestion of the pancreas in acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Liquefactive hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in the progression of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>To release reactive oxygen species and proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gallstones on the pancreatic duct?

    <p>They block the release of pancreatic juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of oxidative metabolism of alcohol in the pancreas?

    <p>Production of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of pancreatic tissue destruction in acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Liquefactive hemorrhagic necrosis of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a pancreatic pseudocyst?

    <p>Fibrous tissue surrounding liquefactive necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of pancreatic pseudocysts?

    <p>Infection by E.coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to image a pancreatic pseudocyst?

    <p>Abdominal CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death among individuals with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive sign of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Hypocalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Cullen's sign in acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Indicates necrosis induced hemorrhaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of treatment for acute pancreatitis?

    <p>To control pain and provide fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of lipase in diagnosing acute pancreatitis?

    <p>It is a specific enzyme for pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of acute pancreatitis that can cause leaky blood vessels throughout the body?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a high white blood cell count in pancreatic pseudocysts?

    <p>Indicates infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of chronic pancreatitis on the pancreatic ductal system?

    <p>Alternating stenosis and dilation of the ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of pancreatic insufficiency on nutrient absorption?

    <p>Impaired absorption of dietary fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of pancreatic duct visualization using ERCP?

    <p>Delivering contrast medium through an endoscope to the pancreatic ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the long-term consequence of chronic pancreatitis on blood sugar regulation?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of pancreatic ductal obstruction in chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Formation of pancreatic pseudocysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment for chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Controlling pain and reducing risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chronic pancreatitis and acute pancreatitis in terms of pancreatic structure?

    <p>Fibrosis, atrophy, and calcification vs. normal pancreatic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of producing zymogens in the pancreas?

    <p>To protect the pancreas from autodigestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acinar cells in the pancreas?

    <p>To manufacture digestive enzymes and proenzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the pancreas in the body?

    <p>In the upper abdomen, behind the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pancreatic digestive enzymes secreted into the duodenum?

    <p>To break down macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the pancreas is destroyed by its own digestive enzymes?

    <p>Autodigestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prevents enzymes from doing damage if they become prematurely active in the pancreas?

    <p>Protease inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chronic pancreatitis in children?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of membrane trafficking becoming chaotic in the pancreas?

    <p>Zymogen granules merging with lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the pancreatic juices becoming thick and viscous in the pancreatic duct?

    <p>Formation of a plug that can block the duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of the pancreas being destroyed by its own digestive enzymes?

    <p>Autodigestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Development of chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of enteropeptidase in the activation of trypsinogen?

    <p>To cleave trypsinogen into trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of elevated lipase and amylase levels in acute pancreatitis?

    <p>They are diagnostic for acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of high consumption and subsequent oxidative metabolism of alcohol in the pancreas?

    <p>Formation of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol abuse contributes to acute pancreatitis?

    <p>By stimulating acinar cells to release inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

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