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Questions and Answers
What is the main site of hematopoiesis in adults?
What is the name of the process that produces red blood cells?
What is the result of a reduction in the total circulating red blood cell mass to below normal levels?
What is the composition of hemoglobin?
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What is the term for the formation of blood cellular components?
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What is the approximate number of hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell?
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What is the term for the formation of blood cells outside the bone marrow?
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What is the main component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen?
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What is the reason for anemia due to a decrease in the production of red blood cells?
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What is the Greek word for 'red' in the term 'erythropoiesis'?
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What is the definition of anemia in males?
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What is the name of the stem cell that gives rise to all types of blood cells?
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Study Notes
Hemato-Lymphoid System (HLS)
- Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components, and all types of blood cells are derived from pluripotent primitive cells (stem cells).
- In adults, hematopoiesis mainly occurs in the bone marrow, but it can also occur outside the bone marrow (spleen and liver) in certain diseases, known as extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoiesis is the process that produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), developing from erythropoietic stem cells to mature red blood cells.
- The term "erythropoiesis" comes from Greek, with "erythro" meaning "red" and "poiesis" meaning "to make".
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- Each mature RBC contains around 270 million hemoglobin molecules.
- Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two parts: Globin (4 protein chains, 2α and 2β subunits) and Heme (porphyrin ring with central iron).
- 4 heme groups are attached to each globin chain, forming hemoglobin (HEMOGLOBIN = HEME + GLOBIN).
Life Cycle of RBCs and Anemia
- Anemia is a reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of blood, resulting from a decrease in total circulating RBC mass below normal levels.
- Anemia can result from:
- Excessive bleeding
- Increased RBC destruction
- Decreased RBC production
- Definition of anemia:
- In males: Hb < 13.5 g/dL
- (Note: further definition for females is not provided in the text)
Hemato-Lymphoid System (HLS)
- Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components, and all types of blood cells are derived from pluripotent primitive cells (stem cells).
- In adults, hematopoiesis mainly occurs in the bone marrow, but it can also occur outside the bone marrow (spleen and liver) in certain diseases, known as extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoiesis is the process that produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), developing from erythropoietic stem cells to mature red blood cells.
- The term "erythropoiesis" comes from Greek, with "erythro" meaning "red" and "poiesis" meaning "to make".
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
- Each mature RBC contains around 270 million hemoglobin molecules.
- Hemoglobin is a tetramer composed of two parts: Globin (4 protein chains, 2α and 2β subunits) and Heme (porphyrin ring with central iron).
- 4 heme groups are attached to each globin chain, forming hemoglobin (HEMOGLOBIN = HEME + GLOBIN).
Life Cycle of RBCs and Anemia
- Anemia is a reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of blood, resulting from a decrease in total circulating RBC mass below normal levels.
- Anemia can result from:
- Excessive bleeding
- Increased RBC destruction
- Decreased RBC production
- Definition of anemia:
- In males: Hb < 13.5 g/dL
- (Note: further definition for females is not provided in the text)
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Description
Learn about the formation of blood cellular components, including erythropoiesis, and how hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and other organs in certain diseases.
