Hematology Week 3: Hematopoiesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of hematopoiesis?

  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Digestion of food
  • Production of hormones
  • Production of blood cells (correct)

    • Hematopoiesis occurs only in the embryonic stage of development.

    False

    What are the primary locations of hematopoiesis in adults?

    Bone marrow

    During the mesoblastic phase of hematopoiesis, primitive cells contain __________ hemoglobins.

    <p>embryonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hematopoietic terms with their definitions:

    <p>Erythropoiesis = Production of red blood cells WBC = White blood cells involved in immune response Hematopoietic tissues = Organs and tissues where blood cell production occurs Platelets = Cell fragments important for blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable indicator of nuclear maturity?

    <p>Chromatin pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Erythropoietin is primarily produced in the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary stimulus for the production of erythropoietin?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ are the baby form of red blood cells.

    <p>reticulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of chromatin with their characteristics:

    <p>Heterochromatin = More condensed and silenced genes Euchromatin = Less condensed and gene expressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the nucleus of a blast cell?

    <p>Large size and absence of granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The loss of nucleoli is a feature associated with the maturation of bone marrow cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by a high N/C ratio in cells?

    <p>High nucleus to cytoplasm ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter range of a Pronormoblast?

    <p>14-20 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An Orthochromic Normoblast has a nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio of 1:2.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is typically associated with mature erythrocytes?

    <p>Salmon-pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reticulocyte is the last stage with __________ synthesis.

    <p>hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of erythropoiesis with their key characteristics:

    <p>Pronormoblast = 14-20 um, deeply basophilic cytoplasm Basophilic Normoblast = 12-17 um, intensely basophilic cytoplasm Polychromatophilic Erythroblast = Last stage capable of mitosis Reticulocyte = Last stage with hemoglobin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the N/C ratio of Basophilic Normoblast?

    <p>6:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mature erythrocytes are capable of hemoglobin synthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last nucleated stage in erythropoiesis?

    <p>Orthochromic normoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mature erythrocytes have a diameter of __________ um.

    <p>6-8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appearance does the cytoplasm of a Polychromatophilic Erythroblast have?

    <p>Murky blue-gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last stage capable of mitosis in erythropoiesis?

    <p>Polychromatic normoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The orthochromic normoblast is the last nucleated stage in erythropoiesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the index of bone marrow activity?

    <p>Reticulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first embryonic hemoglobin to appear is called __________.

    <p>Gower 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase RBC, Hct, and Hgb?

    <p>Standing from a recumbent position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following embryonic hemoglobins with their structures:

    <p>Portland = 2 zeta + 2 gamma Gower 1 = 2 zeta + 2 epsilon Gower 2 = 2 alpha + 2 epsilon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Heinz bodies in mature RBC?

    <p>They appear as blue inclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Older males have a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and colon cancer than older women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of a band form leukocyte?

    <p>9-15 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myelocytes contain secondary or specific granules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the youngest stage that is capable of mitosis?

    <p>Myelocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The predominant cell type in the adult bone marrow is the ______.

    <p>metamyelocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leukocyte types with their characteristics:

    <p>Neutrophils = Primary defense against infection Eosinophils = Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections Basophils = Play a role in inflammatory responses Monocytes = Differentiate into macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of a metamyelocyte's nucleus?

    <p>Indented or kidney-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophils are the least abundant type of white blood cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the granulocyte count during conditions like leukemia?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cell that shows eosinophilia could be found during a ______.

    <p>parasitic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of granules with their respective leukocyte:

    <p>Neutrophil = Rose-pink granules Eosinophil = Orange-red granules Basophil = Dark purple/blue-black granules Monocyte = No granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cause of neutrophilia?

    <p>Bacterial Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinopenia indicates an increased number of eosinophils in the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of granules do metamyelocytes contain?

    <p>Tertiary/gelatinase granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A segmented neutrophil is characterized by its nucleus having ______ lobes.

    <p>2-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the N/C ratio of a myelocyte?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hematopoiesis

    • Hematopoiesis refers to the production of blood cells, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
    • The process begins in the mesoblastic phase, specifically within the blood islands of the yolk sac, starting as early as the 19th day of gestation.

    Hematopoietic Tissues

    • In adults, hematopoiesis is confined to the bone marrow located in cortical bones.
    • Contains crucial developmental stages leading to the maturation of blood cells.

    Chromosome Structure

    • Heterochromatin: Darker, more condensed areas, often gene-poor with silenced genes.
    • Euchromatin: Lighter, less condensed areas, rich in gene activity.

    Erythropoiesis

    • Erythropoiesis is the process through which erythroid precursor cells develop into mature RBCs.
    • Erythropoietin: Primary hormone regulating erythropoiesis, produced in the kidneys.
    • Hypoxia: Triggers increased erythropoiesis due to low oxygen levels.
    • Reticulocytes: Immature RBCs that spend 1-2 days in bone marrow and 1 day in peripheral blood.

    Stages of Erythropoiesis

    • Pronormoblast (Rubriblast):

      • Diameter: 14-20 μm
      • Deeply basophilic cytoplasm with fine chromatin.
      • N/C ratio of 8:1 and 1-2 nucleoli.

    • Basophilic Normoblast (Prorubricyte):

      • Diameter: 12-17 μm
      • Intensely basophilic cytoplasm with slightly coarse chromatin.
      • N/C ratio of 6:1.

    • Polychromatic Erythroblast:

      • Last stage capable of mitosis.
      • Diameter: 10-15 μm, N/C ratio: 4:1.
      • Begins hemoglobin synthesis.

    • Orthochromic Normoblast (Metarubricyte):

      • Diameter: 7-12 μm, last nucleated stage.
      • Pink cytoplasm with small pyknotic nucleus, N/C ratio: 1:2.

    • Reticulocytes:

      • Diameter: 7-10 μm, index of bone marrow activity.
      • Last stage with hemoglobin synthesis, identifiable by fine RNA reticulum.

    • Mature Erythrocyte:

      • Diameter: 6-8 μm, non-nucleated, red, biconcave shape.
      • Lifespan of approximately 120 days.

    Physiological Variations

    • Males typically have higher RBC counts, Hct, and Hgb due to hormonal differences and menstruation in females.
    • Hemoglobin levels decrease in older males due to increased bleeding risks.

    Granulopoiesis

    • Granulocyte maturation takes approximately 14 days.
    • Involves the development of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

    Neutrophils

    • Most common WBC type and a primary defense against infections.
    • Neutrophilia may occur in bacterial infections, injuries, and inflammation.
    • Neutropenia may result from chemical toxicity, nutritional deficiencies, or treatments.

    Eosinophils

    • Involved in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and modulating inflammation.
    • Eosinophilia associated with allergies and parasitic infestations.

    Key Blood Cell Characteristics

    • Myelocyte: Last stage capable of mitosis, contains specific granules for identifying granulocyte type.
    • Band Form: Youngest WBC in peripheral blood, with an elongated nucleus.
    • Segmented Neutrophil: Contains granules essential for phagocytosis, with a lobular nucleus.

    Common Hematological Terms

    • Bite Cells: RBCs with indentations due to hemoglobin denaturation.
    • Heinz Bodies: Inclusions in mature RBCs indicating denatured hemoglobin.

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    Hematology Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on hematopoiesis during the mesoblastic or yolk phase as part of your hematology lecture series. This quiz focuses on the production of blood cells in the embryonic stage and their developmental origins. Perfect for students studying hematology or related fields in medical education.

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