Hematology Overview Quiz

The best sample for urinalysis, collected by urinating into a sterile container after cleaning the genital area.

A urine sample collected after a meal, used in glucose tolerance testing.

Collecting urine over a 24-hour period, discarding the first urination, and refrigerating the rest.

A type of urine analysis that examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine.

A byproduct of muscle destruction, sometimes seen in urine samples.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria, characterized by blue or green urine.

A type of urine analysis where the sample is collected at specific times to measure a particular substance.

A urine sample collected on a patient who has just eaten, typically used for glucose tolerance tests.

The absence or severely reduced amount of urine production, often indicating a serious condition such as end-stage renal disease, acute kidney injury, dehydration, or blockage in the urinary tract.

Low urine output, generally less than 400 mL per day. It can be a sign of kidney problems, dehydration, or heart failure.

Excessive urine production, usually more than 2.5 to 3 liters per day. Can be caused by diabetes mellitus, excessive water intake, or certain medications.

Involuntary urination, particularly in children.

Involuntary urination at night, especially in children.

A breakdown product of red blood cell destruction, a key indicator of liver disease or bile obstruction. It is produced from hemoglobin in the degradation process.

The presence of red blood cells in urine, often a sign of UTI or renal dysfunction.

Yellow-orange discoloration of urine, often indicates high levels of bilirubin.

Red blood cells, responsible for oxygen transport in the body. They are biconcave in shape, lack a nucleus, and contain iron for oxygen binding.

White blood cells, crucial for the immune system. They are colorless, contain a nucleus, and fight off infections.

The process by which cells break down and die in a controlled manner, removing damaged cells and preventing harm to the body.

The process of producing new red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Immature red blood cells that still contain some RNA, giving them a bluish tint when stained. They are released from the bone marrow to increase blood cell count during emergencies.

A type of white blood cell that contains granules filled with digestive enzymes. These enzymes help destroy foreign cells, such as bacteria and viruses.

A type of white blood cell that lacks granules. They play a key role in adaptive immune responses, targeting specific invaders.

The process of breaking down old red blood cells in the liver and spleen. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, is a byproduct of this process.

A process of storing fertilized eggs (zygotes) in a specialized facility.

A type of tissue transplant where the donor and recipient are of the same species.

Storage of sperm or zygotes for less than a year, often used for future insemination or fertility treatment.

Storage of sperm or zygotes for longer than a year, providing a backup option for future reproductive plans.

A technique that involves predicting the sex of an unborn baby.

A technique that aims to control the sex of a child before or during pregnancy.

The creation of an organism that is a genetically identical copy of another.

A method of cloning where a very early embryo is split into individual cells, allowing for multiple embryos to develop and be implanted.

A microorganism that causes disease, often found in the body and can take advantage of weakened immune systems.

A living organism that can carry and transmit a disease-causing agent (pathogen) to another organism without becoming ill itself.

A person or animal that harbors a pathogen and can spread the infection to others.

The means by which a pathogen leaves the body of an infected individual, such as bodily fluids, droplets, or secretions.

The transfer of pathogens from one individual to another. This can occur through direct contact, airborne transmission, or through vectors.

The most essential piece of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in a medical laboratory.

A type of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) designed to protect the wearer from airborne droplets, usually used during procedures involving coughing or sneezing.

Essential practices in a medical laboratory to ensure safety and prevent the spread of infections. These practices include proper hand hygiene, wearing appropriate PPE, and following specific guidelines for handling specimens.

Small amount of albumin in urine, often seen in diabetes, strenuous exercise, or dehydration.

Presence of ketones in urine, indicating abnormal fat metabolism. May be seen in Diabetes Mellitus, Malabsorption, low carbohydrate intake, or vomiting.

Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy. They are released into the bloodstream as three products: Acetone, Acetoacetic acid, and Beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

Presence of bacteria in urine, detected by the nitrite test.

The presence of white blood cells in urine, usually indicating inflammation or infection of the urinary tract.

A substance present in granulocytic white blood cells, detected by reagent strips. It is another indicator of urinary tract infection.

The measure of acidity or alkalinity in urine, typically normal range is 4.6 - 8.0.

Presence of protein in urine.