Hematology: Hemolytic Anemias

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What is the defining characteristic of hemolytic anemias?

Decrease in the rate of red cell destruction

Increase in the rate of red cell production

Increase in the rate of red cell destruction (correct)

Decrease in the rate of red cell production

Which laboratory finding is indicative of increased red cell breakdown in hemolytic anemias?

Increased serum bilirubin (correct)

Decreased serum bilirubin

Decreased urine urobilinogen

Increased serum haptoglobins

What can precipitate aplastic crises in hemolytic anemias?

Decreased reticulocyte count

Infection with parvovirus (correct)

Increased serum haptoglobins

Elevated serum bilirubin

Which type of red cell morphology may be observed in hemolytic anemias?

Microspherocytes and elliptocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of increased red cell production in hemolytic anemias?

Bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to serum haptoglobins in hemolytic anemias?

They become saturated with hemoglobin and are removed by RE cells Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism involves excessive removal of red cells by macrophages of the RE system?

Extravascular hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of NADPH that is needed for the production of reduced glutathione?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

Which condition renders the red cell susceptible to oxidant stress?

G6PD deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the inheritance pattern of G6PD deficiency?

X-linked recessive Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is there a risk of neonatal jaundice?

G6PD deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia is caused by rapidly developing intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria in response to oxidant stress?

March hemoglobinuria Signup and view all the answers

What feature may be observed in the blood film during a crisis of G6PD deficiency?

'Bite' cells and 'blister' cells Signup and view all the answers

What condition can cause intravascular haemolysis with marked microspherocytosis?

Malaria infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of leukemia on the bone marrow?

It replaces normal blood elements with cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek meaning of the word 'Leukemia'?

White blood Signup and view all the answers

How does leukemia affect the ability to kill cancer cells and preserve healthy ones?

It makes it harder to kill cancer cells and preserve the good/healthy ones Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of cancer cells in leukemia?

They replace all bone marrow cells, causing infection and bleeding problems Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bone marrow in the context of leukemia?

It helps in the production of normal blood elements Signup and view all the answers

How does leukemia impact the DNA and genes of cells?

It causes changes in cells, DNA, and genes Signup and view all the answers

In which type of Leukemia do the white blood cells tend to develop more rapidly and very immature?

Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Leukemia is characterized by increased production of granulocytes in the bone marrow and is usually associated with a specific chromosomal abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome?

Chronic myeloid Leukemia (CML) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Leukemia progresses slowly, runs a slow course, and is not immediately fatal?

Chronic lymphocyte Leukemia (CLL) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Leukemia is characterized by an increase in white blood cells produced in lymph nodes and bone marrow, striking without any warning?

Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of Leukemia starts off in the Bone marrow and runs a slow course, giving more time to live?

Chronic lymphocyte Leukemia (CLL) Signup and view all the answers

$What can be said about Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?$

$Increased production of granulocytes in the bone marrow$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification for Leukemia based on how quickly the disease develops?

$Classification based on how quickly the disease develops$ Signup and view all the answers

$Which type of white blood cells are affected in Myelogenous Leukemia?$

$Myeloid cells$ Signup and view all the answers

$What does Acute Myeloid Leukemia refer to?$

$Runs a fast course$ Signup and view all the answers

$What type of risk factor has been identified for the development of Leukemia?$

$High energy radiation$ Signup and view all the answers