Hematology: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic chromosomal abnormality associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

  • t(9; 22) (q11; q34) translocation (correct)
  • t(22; 11) (q9; q34) translocation
  • t(22; 9) (q34; q11) translocation
  • t(11; 22) (q34; q9) translocation

    • Which symptoms are commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia?

  • Tachycardia, pallor, and decreased leukocyte count
  • Weight loss, anorexia, and splenomegaly (correct)
  • Visual disturbances, hypotension, and hyperuricemia
  • Weight gain, euphoria, and decreased platelet count

    • What is the male to female ratio in chronic myeloid leukemia?

  • 3 : 1
  • 2 : 1
  • 1 : 2
  • 1.4 : 1 (correct)

    • What is the most frequently affected age group in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>40-60 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory finding is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Increased circulating basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gene fusion associated with chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>BCR - ABL1 fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells are affected in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Pluripotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which translocation results in the Ph chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>(9; 22) (q34; q11)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of cases is the BCR - ABL1 gene fusion present in chronic myeloid leukemia?

    <p>~90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults?

    <p>Acute myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does acute myeloid leukemia become increasingly common?

    <p>65 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of anemia in acute myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Normochromic normocytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically observed in the blood film examination of acute myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Variable numbers of blast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Contain prominent granules or multiple Auer rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tests are often positive in patients with the promyelocytic variant of AML?

    <p>DIC tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are used to classify the majority of cases of AML?

    <p>Cytogenetic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chronic leukemias distinguished from acute leukemias?

    <p>By their slower progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genes are commonly affected by cytogenetic abnormalities in AML?

    <p>Core binding factor genes CBF α or CBF β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically revealed by biochemical tests in AML before treatment begins?

    <p>Raised uric acid or lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of macrocytic anemia?

    <p>Abnormally large red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency can cause defective DNA synthesis and lead to megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vitamin B12 acquired by animals?

    <p>By consuming other animal foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glycoprotein that combines with vitamin B12 to facilitate its absorption?

    <p>Intrinsic factor (IF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of food does not naturally contain vitamin B12?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of a deficiency in folate or vitamin B12 on red blood cells?

    <p>Macrocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific surface receptor for IF that can bind to the IF-B12 complex?

    <p>Cubilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein directs the endocytosis of the cubilin IF-B12 complex in the distal ileum?

    <p>Amnionless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma-binding protein delivers B12 to bone marrow and other tissues?

    <p>Transcobalamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coenzyme for methionine synthase, responsible for methylation of homocysteine to methionine?

    <p>Transcobalamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to cause megaloblastic anemia by inhibiting thymidylate synthesis?

    <p>Folate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency can cause a progressive neuropathy affecting the peripheral sensory nerves and posterior and lateral columns?

    <p>Transcobalamin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does deficiency in the mother predispose to in the fetus?

    <p>Neural tube defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically used for the treatment of B12 deficiency?

    <p>Hydroxocobalamin injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are dietary folates converted once inside the cell?

    <p>They are converted to folate polyglutamates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from increased ineffective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

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