Week 2 - Hematologic Neoplasms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most common site for lymph node enlargement in Hodgkin Disease?

  • Nodes below the diaphragm
  • Cervical nodes (correct)
  • Inguinal nodes
  • Bone marrow

What does the 'B' modifying characteristic refer to in the Ann Arbor staging system?

Symptoms present at time of staging

Localized tumors are most commonly treated with ______ therapy.

radiation

Which of the following best describes leukemias?

<p>Circulating tumors primarily involving blood and bone marrow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymphomas are characterized by their tendency to remain localized in lymph tissues and are rarely disseminated at diagnosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cell type that undergoes malignant transformation in plasma cell myeloma?

<p>B-cell plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

The myeloid lineage includes red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, and __________.

<p>granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of hematologic neoplasms includes B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells?

<p>Lymphoid lineage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics with the correct type of malignant disorder:

<p>Leukemia = Disseminated circulating tumors Lymphoma = Tends to localize in lymph tissues, often disseminated at diagnosis Plasma cell myeloma = Malignant B-cell plasma cells, localized tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

In hematologic neoplasms, the classification is based on the _____ of the neoplasm.

<p>cell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal initial therapy for Plasma Cell Myeloma?

<p>Autologous stem cell transplant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hodgkin disease is more common in females and also has a worse prognosis for them.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells characterize Hodgkin disease?

<p>Reed-Sternberg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hodgkin disease usually metastasizes along contiguous __________ pathways.

<p>lymphatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of malignant lymphomas does Hodgkin disease represent?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The histologic pattern of Hodgkin disease is a strong predictor of prognosis.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What virus is frequently found in the genome of transformed Reed–Sternberg cells?

<p>Epstein-Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The classical type of Hodgkin disease accounts for approximately _____ % of diagnoses.

<p>95</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of treated Hodgkin disease?

<p>85% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma?

<p>They produce excessive identical monoclonal antibodies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bence Jones proteins are heavy-chain antibody fragments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of plasma cell occupation in bone marrow that confirms a diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

<p>30%-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The accumulation of Bence Jones proteins in the blood and urine can help to _________ the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

<p>confirm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic findings with their clinical implications in multiple myeloma:

<p>Monoclonal antibody peak = Excessive production of identical antibodies Bence Jones protein = Light chain antibody fragments in blood and urine Hypercalcemia = Increased calcium levels in the blood due to bone destruction Bone lesions = Damage and destruction of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of bone destruction in multiple myeloma?

<p>Hypercalcemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malignant plasma cells typically accumulate in the bloodstream, not in the bone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific test is used to detect monoclonal antibodies in the bloodstream?

<p>serum protein electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pathological fractures are a common complication in multiple myeloma due to the accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the ________.

<p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the premalignant stage of plasma cell myeloma called?

<p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone pain is often the first symptom of plasma cell myeloma.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with MGUS progress to a malignant plasma cell disease?

<p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multiple myeloma diagnosis may occur when routine examination reveals high ______ levels.

<p>serum calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common characteristic of bone involvement in plasma cell myeloma as seen on X-rays?

<p>“Honeycomb” appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Autologous stem cell transplantation is not a considered treatment for plasma cell myeloma.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with bone marrow depression in multiple myeloma?

<p>Increased blood clotting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contributing factor to renal insufficiency in multiple myeloma?

<p>hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The presence of _______ in urine is a potential diagnostic indicator of plasma cell myeloma.

<p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their potential association to renal complications in multiple myeloma:

<p>Hyperproteinemia = Excessive protein levels in the blood, contributing to kidney stress Bence Jones protein = Light chain proteins that can damage kidney tubules Hypercalcemia = Elevated calcium levels contributing to kidney dysfunction Hyperuricemia = Elevated uric acid levels that may compromise renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Types of leukemia

Types of leukemia differ based on malignant transformation processes.

Acute vs Chronic leukemia

Acute leukemia progresses quickly; chronic leukemia develops slowly.

Bone marrow depression

Malignant disorders of white blood cells lead to decreased bone marrow function.

Hodgkin disease

A type of lymphoma differentiated by clinical and histological features.

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Staging of lymphomas

Staging procedures assess the extent of lymphoma spread.

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Plasma cell myeloma

A cancer resulting from malignant transformation of B-cell plasma cells, forming tumors in bones.

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Hematologic neoplasms classification

Hematologic neoplasms are categorized by cell types: myeloid and lymphoid lineages.

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Monoclonal Antibodies

Identical antibodies produced by a single clone of plasma cells, characteristic of myeloma.

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Bence Jones Protein

Light-chain antibody fragments produced by malignant plasma cells; found in blood and urine.

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Hypercalcemia

Increased calcium in the bloodstream, often due to bone destruction in myeloma.

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Bone Lesions

Abnormal areas in bones caused by plasma cell accumulation, leading to fractures.

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Serum Protein Electrophoresis

A diagnostic test to detect specific proteins in blood, helping confirm myeloma.

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Pathological Fractures

Fractures occurring from bone damage due to myeloma, highlighting weakened bones.

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Bone Marrow Biopsy

A diagnostic procedure to examine plasma cells in the bone marrow for confirming myeloma.

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Plasma Cell Accumulation

Abnormal increase of plasma cells in bone marrow, essential for diagnosing myeloma.

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Asymptomatic early stages

Hodgkin Disease often shows no symptoms in the early phases.

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Painless lymphadenopathy

Swelling of lymph nodes without pain, common in Hodgkin Disease.

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Ann Arbor staging system

A classification system that stages Hodgkin Disease based on symptoms and node locations.

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Stage A vs Stage B

Stage A indicates no symptoms; Stage B indicates symptoms present.

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Localized vs Disseminated disease

Localized means confined to one area, disseminated means spread throughout the body.

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Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

A premalignant condition with excess monoclonal antibodies but no symptoms.

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Asymptomatic Phase of MGUS

Period where individuals show no symptoms despite having MGUS.

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Routes of Diagnosis for Myeloma

Diagnosis may occur during routine examinations with protein in urine or high serum calcium.

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First Symptom of Multiple Myeloma

Bone pain is usually the first indicator of the disease.

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Bone Marrow Depression Indicators

Signs of low bone marrow activity include anemia, recurrent infections, and bleeding tendencies.

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Renal Insufficiency in Myeloma

50% of patients experience kidney issues due to various factors related to myeloma.

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Honeycomb Appearance on X-Ray

X-rays of affected bones show a 'honeycomb' pattern, indicating damage.

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Prognosis for Multiple Myeloma

Prognosis can vary with treatment, but often involves maintaining remission.

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Stem Cell Transplantation

A treatment option for multiple myeloma includes autologous stem cell transplantation.

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Autologous stem cell transplant

A procedure where a patient's own stem cells are used for treatment.

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Renal dysfunction treatment

Pharmacologic management to address kidney problems in patients.

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Narcotic pain relievers

Medications used for severe pain, derived from opium.

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Reed–Sternberg cells

Malignant cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin Disease.

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Epstein–Barr virus

A virus often found in Reed–Sternberg cells, linked to Hodgkin Disease.

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5-year survival rate

The percentage of patients alive five years after diagnosis or treatment.

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Classical Hodgkin Disease

The most common form of Hodgkin Disease, accounting for 95% of cases.

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Lymphocyte predominance type

A rare type of Hodgkin Disease affecting 5% of cases.

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