Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a bone marrow biopsy?
What is the primary function of a bone marrow biopsy?
- To evaluate the production of blood cells (correct)
- To measure platelet aggregation
- To assess the clotting ability of the blood
- To determine the oxygen levels in the blood
Which of the following tests is NOT part of a complete blood count (CBC)?
Which of the following tests is NOT part of a complete blood count (CBC)?
- Prothrombin time (PT) (correct)
- Hemoglobin (Hgb)
- White blood cell count (WBC)
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Which indicator is used to evaluate the body's coagulation system?
Which indicator is used to evaluate the body's coagulation system?
- International normalized ratio (INR) (correct)
- Iron levels
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
- Erythrocyte count
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is used to assess what aspect of red blood cells?
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is used to assess what aspect of red blood cells?
Which of the following components is NOT typically measured in hematologic assessments?
Which of the following components is NOT typically measured in hematologic assessments?
What is the appropriate nursing action when collecting blood for specimen collection?
What is the appropriate nursing action when collecting blood for specimen collection?
When should blood be drawn for coagulation studies?
When should blood be drawn for coagulation studies?
What should a nurse do with blood specimens for coagulation studies immediately after collecting them?
What should a nurse do with blood specimens for coagulation studies immediately after collecting them?
How should anticoagulant therapy be adjusted according to coagulation study results?
How should anticoagulant therapy be adjusted according to coagulation study results?
What is the significance of using standard precautions in blood specimen collection?
What is the significance of using standard precautions in blood specimen collection?
What is the typical timeframe for obtaining preliminary results of hematologic tests?
What is the typical timeframe for obtaining preliminary results of hematologic tests?
What action should a nurse take if hematologic test results are outside the expected reference range?
What action should a nurse take if hematologic test results are outside the expected reference range?
When can nurses expect to receive final results of hematologic tests?
When can nurses expect to receive final results of hematologic tests?
Which of the following statements is true regarding hematologic tests?
Which of the following statements is true regarding hematologic tests?
What is the nurse's responsibility related to hematologic test results?
What is the nurse's responsibility related to hematologic test results?
What is the primary reason for conducting a bone marrow biopsy?
What is the primary reason for conducting a bone marrow biopsy?
Which of the following is a common indication for performing a bone marrow biopsy?
Which of the following is a common indication for performing a bone marrow biopsy?
Which nursing action is essential before performing a bone marrow biopsy?
Which nursing action is essential before performing a bone marrow biopsy?
What sensation might a client experience during the bone marrow aspiration procedure?
What sensation might a client experience during the bone marrow aspiration procedure?
Which position should a client be placed in for a bone marrow biopsy to expose the iliac crest?
Which position should a client be placed in for a bone marrow biopsy to expose the iliac crest?
What is an essential nursing action to take before administering sedation to an older adult for a biopsy procedure?
What is an essential nursing action to take before administering sedation to an older adult for a biopsy procedure?
Which of the following actions should a nurse take post-procedure to minimize bleeding at the biopsy site?
Which of the following actions should a nurse take post-procedure to minimize bleeding at the biopsy site?
What post-procedure instruction should a nurse provide to clients who have had a biopsy?
What post-procedure instruction should a nurse provide to clients who have had a biopsy?
What is a significant risk for older adult clients undergoing sedation during a biopsy procedure?
What is a significant risk for older adult clients undergoing sedation during a biopsy procedure?
Which discomfort relief method is recommended post-biopsy?
Which discomfort relief method is recommended post-biopsy?
What nursing action should be taken to prevent infection at the aspiration site?
What nursing action should be taken to prevent infection at the aspiration site?
What should be done immediately if bleeding occurs from the aspiration site?
What should be done immediately if bleeding occurs from the aspiration site?
Which of the following is a sign of potential infection at the aspiration site?
Which of the following is a sign of potential infection at the aspiration site?
Which action should NOT be taken to manage bleeding at the aspiration site?
Which action should NOT be taken to manage bleeding at the aspiration site?
What is the primary nursing responsibility when monitoring for complications after an aspiration procedure?
What is the primary nursing responsibility when monitoring for complications after an aspiration procedure?
What condition is associated with decreased red blood cell (RBC) levels?
What condition is associated with decreased red blood cell (RBC) levels?
What might an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count indicate?
What might an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count indicate?
Which condition is indicated by decreased levels of hemoglobin (HGB)?
Which condition is indicated by decreased levels of hemoglobin (HGB)?
What can cause an increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?
What can cause an increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?
What condition might lead to an elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?
What condition might lead to an elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?
Which factor could contribute to decreased platelet levels?
Which factor could contribute to decreased platelet levels?
What does an increased prothrombin time (PT) indicate?
What does an increased prothrombin time (PT) indicate?
What is the expected reference range for iron levels in males?
What is the expected reference range for iron levels in males?
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a hemoglobin (HGB) level of 10 g/dL?
What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a hemoglobin (HGB) level of 10 g/dL?
Which condition is associated with elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?
Which condition is associated with elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?
What does an increased platelet count suggest?
What does an increased platelet count suggest?
A decreased level of MCV indicates which type of red blood cells?
A decreased level of MCV indicates which type of red blood cells?
What can elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels indicate?
What can elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels indicate?
What might a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) indicate?
What might a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) indicate?
What condition could cause a decreased white blood cell (WBC) count?
What condition could cause a decreased white blood cell (WBC) count?
What is an expected reference range for hematocrit (HCT) levels in males?
What is an expected reference range for hematocrit (HCT) levels in males?
Flashcards
Hematologic assessment
Hematologic assessment
Evaluating blood function through tests of blood components like RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and clotting.
Bone Marrow's Role
Bone Marrow's Role
Bone marrow makes many blood cells, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Bone Marrow Biopsy
A test that looks at how well the bone marrow is working.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
A group of tests measuring RBCs, WBCs, and other blood elements (MCV, MCH, Hgb, Hct).
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Blood Component Tests
Blood Component Tests
Tests performed on blood components like RBC count, WBC count, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and clotting times.
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Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions
Set of infection control measures used to prevent the spread of infections from blood and bodily fluids.
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Coagulation Studies
Coagulation Studies
Blood tests that measure how long it takes for blood to clot.
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Anticoagulant Therapy
Anticoagulant Therapy
Treatment using medications to thin the blood and prevent clotting.
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Adjusting Anticoagulant Therapy
Adjusting Anticoagulant Therapy
Changing the dose of blood thinners based on coagulation test results and healthcare provider's prescription.
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Blood Specimen Handling
Blood Specimen Handling
Collecting and processing blood samples with care to prevent contamination and maintain accuracy.
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Hematologic Test Results Timeframe
Hematologic Test Results Timeframe
Results of hematologic tests are usually available within 24-48 hours for a preliminary report, with final results in 72 hours.
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Out-of-Range Results
Out-of-Range Results
If hematologic test results fall outside the expected reference range, the nurse must report the results to the healthcare provider.
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Nurse's Reporting Role
Nurse's Reporting Role
It's the nurse's responsibility to report any abnormal hematologic test results to the healthcare provider.
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Provider's Intervention
Provider's Intervention
The healthcare provider will assess the abnormal results and decide on appropriate further action or intervention.
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Abnormal Test Results
Abnormal Test Results
Hematologic test results that fall outside the normal range, indicating potential issues with blood components.
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Bone Marrow Biopsy Indications
Bone Marrow Biopsy Indications
A bone marrow biopsy is typically performed to diagnose blood disorders like anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, and infections, or to stage cancer.
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Biopsy Procedure
Biopsy Procedure
A bone marrow biopsy is usually done with local anesthesia or sedation. The iliac crest is the typical site, and the client may feel pressure and brief pain during the procedure.
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Pre-Biopsy Nursing Actions
Pre-Biopsy Nursing Actions
Before a bone marrow biopsy, ensure informed consent, explain the procedure, and position the client prone or side-lying.
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Client Education for Biopsy
Client Education for Biopsy
Inform the client that they'll feel pressure and a crunching sound during the biopsy. Explain the procedure steps clearly.
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Sedation for Biopsy
Sedation for Biopsy
Older adults may be at higher risk of complications during biopsy sedation due to existing health issues. The nurse should assess their kidney function before using analgesics for sedation.
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Pre-Biopsy Sterility
Pre-Biopsy Sterility
During a bone marrow biopsy, it's crucial to maintain sterility of equipment and supplies to prevent infection.
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Post-Biopsy Bleeding Control
Post-Biopsy Bleeding Control
After a bone marrow biopsy, immediate pressure should be applied to the site to stop bleeding. A sterile dressing is then placed over the area.
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Post-Biopsy Rest
Post-Biopsy Rest
Following a bone marrow biopsy, a client should rest for 30 to 60 minutes. This allows the body to begin healing.
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Biopsy Site Care
Biopsy Site Care
After a biopsy, it's essential to monitor for signs of infection and bleeding, apply ice to reduce inflammation, and keep the site clean and dry.
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Aspiration Site Infection
Aspiration Site Infection
Infection can occur at the aspiration site, where a needle is inserted to withdraw fluid or tissue.
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Bleeding after Aspiration
Bleeding after Aspiration
Bleeding can occur from the aspiration site after a procedure, potentially causing a hematoma (blood collection) at the site.
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Managing Aspiration Site Infection
Managing Aspiration Site Infection
To prevent infection, the aspiration site dressing must be kept clean and dry.
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Responding to Bleeding
Responding to Bleeding
If bleeding occurs from the aspiration site, the nurse should immediately report it to the healthcare provider.
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Pressure Dressing for Bleeding
Pressure Dressing for Bleeding
To control bleeding from an aspiration site, apply a pressure dressing directly over the site.
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RBC Count
RBC Count
Measures the number of red blood cells (RBCs) per microliter of blood. Reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.
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Elevated RBC Count
Elevated RBC Count
Indicates an increase in RBCs, potentially caused by conditions like erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera, or dehydration.
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Decreased RBC Count
Decreased RBC Count
Implies a lower than normal number of RBCs, often related to anemia, bleeding, or kidney issues.
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WBC Count
WBC Count
Determines the number of white blood cells (WBCs) per cubic millimeter of blood, reflecting immune system function.
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Elevated WBC Count
Elevated WBC Count
Suggests an increased white blood cell count, commonly associated with infections, inflammation, and certain diseases.
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Decreased WBC Count
Decreased WBC Count
Indicates a lower than usual white blood cell count, potentially due to immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.
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MCV
MCV
Measures the average volume of red blood cells, indicating their size. Helpful for diagnosing anemia types.
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Platelet Count
Platelet Count
Determines the number of platelets in blood, essential for blood clotting.
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What does a high RBC count indicate?
What does a high RBC count indicate?
An elevated RBC count suggests an increase in red blood cells, potentially caused by conditions like erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera, or dehydration.
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Why is a low MCV concerning?
Why is a low MCV concerning?
A decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicates smaller than normal red blood cells, often associated with conditions like iron deficiency anemia.
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What are the common causes of a low WBC count?
What are the common causes of a low WBC count?
A decreased white blood cell count can be caused by immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.
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What are the implications of a high TIBC?
What are the implications of a high TIBC?
An elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC) suggests your body is not holding enough iron. This commonly occurs in iron deficiency anemia and polycythemia vera.
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How does INR relate to PT?
How does INR relate to PT?
The International Normalized Ratio (INR) measures the mean of the Prothrombin Time (PT), providing a standardized value to assess clotting function.
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What does a prolonged PT suggest?
What does a prolonged PT suggest?
An extended prothrombin time (PT) indicates that blood takes longer to clot. This can occur due to deficiencies in clotting factors, liver disease, or certain medications.
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What is meant by 'increased APTT'?
What is meant by 'increased APTT'?
An increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) indicates delayed clotting, often occurring with vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease, or heparin administration.
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What is a platelet count?
What is a platelet count?
Measures the number of platelets per blood volume. Platelets are essential for clotting, so a low number increases bleeding risk.
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Hematologic Assessment and Diagnosis
- Hematologic assessments and diagnostics evaluate blood function.
- Tests assess erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), platelets, and coagulation times.
- Blood tests diagnose diseases and treatment efficacy.
Bone Marrow Function
- Bone marrow produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
- Bone marrow biopsy provides diagnostic info on bone marrow function.
Blood Collection and Testing Procedures
- Nurses should be knowledgeable about blood component tests:
- RBC count
- WBC count
- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
- Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
- Iron levels
- Platelet count
- Hemoglobin (Hgb)
- Hematocrit (Hct)
- Coagulation studies
- Prothrombin time (PT)
- Partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
- International normalized ratio (INR)
- D-dimer
- Fibrinogen levels
- Fibrin degradation products
- Complete blood count (CBC) is a series of tests including RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, Hgb, and Hct.
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Description
This quiz explores the key concepts of hematologic assessments, including the evaluation of blood components and the role of bone marrow in blood production. Participants will learn about various blood tests and their significance in diagnosing diseases. Test your knowledge on blood collection methods and testing procedures essential for healthcare professionals.