Hematologic Assessment and Diagnosis
46 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a bone marrow biopsy?

  • To evaluate the production of blood cells (correct)
  • To measure platelet aggregation
  • To assess the clotting ability of the blood
  • To determine the oxygen levels in the blood

Which of the following tests is NOT part of a complete blood count (CBC)?

  • Prothrombin time (PT) (correct)
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb)
  • White blood cell count (WBC)
  • Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Which indicator is used to evaluate the body's coagulation system?

  • International normalized ratio (INR) (correct)
  • Iron levels
  • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
  • Erythrocyte count

The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is used to assess what aspect of red blood cells?

<p>The size of red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT typically measured in hematologic assessments?

<p>Serum creatinine levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate nursing action when collecting blood for specimen collection?

<p>Use standard precautions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should blood be drawn for coagulation studies?

<p>At specific times as directed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do with blood specimens for coagulation studies immediately after collecting them?

<p>Send them to the laboratory immediately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should anticoagulant therapy be adjusted according to coagulation study results?

<p>Adjust the dose based on results and prescription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using standard precautions in blood specimen collection?

<p>They help protect healthcare workers and patients from infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical timeframe for obtaining preliminary results of hematologic tests?

<p>Within 24 to 48 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse take if hematologic test results are outside the expected reference range?

<p>Report the results to the provider for further intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can nurses expect to receive final results of hematologic tests?

<p>Within 72 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding hematologic tests?

<p>Out-of-range results must be reported to the provider (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nurse's responsibility related to hematologic test results?

<p>Report results that are out of the expected range to the provider (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for conducting a bone marrow biopsy?

<p>To diagnose cell type and confirm or rule out malignancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common indication for performing a bone marrow biopsy?

<p>Staging lymphoma or cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing action is essential before performing a bone marrow biopsy?

<p>Ensure informed consent has been obtained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sensation might a client experience during the bone marrow aspiration procedure?

<p>Pressure and brief pain at the biopsy site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a client be placed in for a bone marrow biopsy to expose the iliac crest?

<p>Prone or side-lying position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential nursing action to take before administering sedation to an older adult for a biopsy procedure?

<p>Assess the client’s kidney function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should a nurse take post-procedure to minimize bleeding at the biopsy site?

<p>Use a sterile dressing and apply pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What post-procedure instruction should a nurse provide to clients who have had a biopsy?

<p>Keep the dressing clean, dry, and intact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk for older adult clients undergoing sedation during a biopsy procedure?

<p>Complications due to chronic illnesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discomfort relief method is recommended post-biopsy?

<p>Mild analgesics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing action should be taken to prevent infection at the aspiration site?

<p>Monitor the site and keep the dressing clean and dry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately if bleeding occurs from the aspiration site?

<p>Apply a pressure dressing and report to the provider immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of potential infection at the aspiration site?

<p>Increased pain at the site (C), Elevated temperature in the surrounding area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should NOT be taken to manage bleeding at the aspiration site?

<p>Keep the area exposed to air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing responsibility when monitoring for complications after an aspiration procedure?

<p>Assess and monitor the aspiration site regularly for signs of infection or bleeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with decreased red blood cell (RBC) levels?

<p>Anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count indicate?

<p>Infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicated by decreased levels of hemoglobin (HGB)?

<p>Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause an increase in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

<p>Macrocytic (large) RBCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition might lead to an elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor could contribute to decreased platelet levels?

<p>Enlarged spleen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increased prothrombin time (PT) indicate?

<p>Clotting factors abnormalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reference range for iron levels in males?

<p>80 to 180 mcg/dL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with a hemoglobin (HGB) level of 10 g/dL?

<p>Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an increased platelet count suggest?

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A decreased level of MCV indicates which type of red blood cells?

<p>Microcytic RBCs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels indicate?

<p>Infection or inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) indicate?

<p>Vitamin K deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition could cause a decreased white blood cell (WBC) count?

<p>Autoimmune disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected reference range for hematocrit (HCT) levels in males?

<p>42% to 52% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hematologic assessment

Evaluating blood function through tests of blood components like RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and clotting.

Bone Marrow's Role

Bone marrow makes many blood cells, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

Bone Marrow Biopsy

A test that looks at how well the bone marrow is working.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A group of tests measuring RBCs, WBCs, and other blood elements (MCV, MCH, Hgb, Hct).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood Component Tests

Tests performed on blood components like RBC count, WBC count, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and clotting times.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standard Precautions

Set of infection control measures used to prevent the spread of infections from blood and bodily fluids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coagulation Studies

Blood tests that measure how long it takes for blood to clot.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticoagulant Therapy

Treatment using medications to thin the blood and prevent clotting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adjusting Anticoagulant Therapy

Changing the dose of blood thinners based on coagulation test results and healthcare provider's prescription.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Blood Specimen Handling

Collecting and processing blood samples with care to prevent contamination and maintain accuracy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hematologic Test Results Timeframe

Results of hematologic tests are usually available within 24-48 hours for a preliminary report, with final results in 72 hours.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Out-of-Range Results

If hematologic test results fall outside the expected reference range, the nurse must report the results to the healthcare provider.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nurse's Reporting Role

It's the nurse's responsibility to report any abnormal hematologic test results to the healthcare provider.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Provider's Intervention

The healthcare provider will assess the abnormal results and decide on appropriate further action or intervention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Abnormal Test Results

Hematologic test results that fall outside the normal range, indicating potential issues with blood components.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bone Marrow Biopsy Indications

A bone marrow biopsy is typically performed to diagnose blood disorders like anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukemia, and infections, or to stage cancer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biopsy Procedure

A bone marrow biopsy is usually done with local anesthesia or sedation. The iliac crest is the typical site, and the client may feel pressure and brief pain during the procedure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pre-Biopsy Nursing Actions

Before a bone marrow biopsy, ensure informed consent, explain the procedure, and position the client prone or side-lying.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Client Education for Biopsy

Inform the client that they'll feel pressure and a crunching sound during the biopsy. Explain the procedure steps clearly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sedation for Biopsy

Older adults may be at higher risk of complications during biopsy sedation due to existing health issues. The nurse should assess their kidney function before using analgesics for sedation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pre-Biopsy Sterility

During a bone marrow biopsy, it's crucial to maintain sterility of equipment and supplies to prevent infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-Biopsy Bleeding Control

After a bone marrow biopsy, immediate pressure should be applied to the site to stop bleeding. A sterile dressing is then placed over the area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Post-Biopsy Rest

Following a bone marrow biopsy, a client should rest for 30 to 60 minutes. This allows the body to begin healing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biopsy Site Care

After a biopsy, it's essential to monitor for signs of infection and bleeding, apply ice to reduce inflammation, and keep the site clean and dry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aspiration Site Infection

Infection can occur at the aspiration site, where a needle is inserted to withdraw fluid or tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bleeding after Aspiration

Bleeding can occur from the aspiration site after a procedure, potentially causing a hematoma (blood collection) at the site.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Managing Aspiration Site Infection

To prevent infection, the aspiration site dressing must be kept clean and dry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Responding to Bleeding

If bleeding occurs from the aspiration site, the nurse should immediately report it to the healthcare provider.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pressure Dressing for Bleeding

To control bleeding from an aspiration site, apply a pressure dressing directly over the site.

Signup and view all the flashcards

RBC Count

Measures the number of red blood cells (RBCs) per microliter of blood. Reflects oxygen-carrying capacity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elevated RBC Count

Indicates an increase in RBCs, potentially caused by conditions like erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera, or dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decreased RBC Count

Implies a lower than normal number of RBCs, often related to anemia, bleeding, or kidney issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

WBC Count

Determines the number of white blood cells (WBCs) per cubic millimeter of blood, reflecting immune system function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elevated WBC Count

Suggests an increased white blood cell count, commonly associated with infections, inflammation, and certain diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Decreased WBC Count

Indicates a lower than usual white blood cell count, potentially due to immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MCV

Measures the average volume of red blood cells, indicating their size. Helpful for diagnosing anemia types.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Platelet Count

Determines the number of platelets in blood, essential for blood clotting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does a high RBC count indicate?

An elevated RBC count suggests an increase in red blood cells, potentially caused by conditions like erythrocytosis, polycythemia vera, or dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is a low MCV concerning?

A decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicates smaller than normal red blood cells, often associated with conditions like iron deficiency anemia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the common causes of a low WBC count?

A decreased white blood cell count can be caused by immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the implications of a high TIBC?

An elevated total iron binding capacity (TIBC) suggests your body is not holding enough iron. This commonly occurs in iron deficiency anemia and polycythemia vera.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does INR relate to PT?

The International Normalized Ratio (INR) measures the mean of the Prothrombin Time (PT), providing a standardized value to assess clotting function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does a prolonged PT suggest?

An extended prothrombin time (PT) indicates that blood takes longer to clot. This can occur due to deficiencies in clotting factors, liver disease, or certain medications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is meant by 'increased APTT'?

An increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) indicates delayed clotting, often occurring with vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver disease, or heparin administration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a platelet count?

Measures the number of platelets per blood volume. Platelets are essential for clotting, so a low number increases bleeding risk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Hematologic Assessment and Diagnosis

  • Hematologic assessments and diagnostics evaluate blood function.
  • Tests assess erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), platelets, and coagulation times.
  • Blood tests diagnose diseases and treatment efficacy.

Bone Marrow Function

  • Bone marrow produces RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
  • Bone marrow biopsy provides diagnostic info on bone marrow function.

Blood Collection and Testing Procedures

  • Nurses should be knowledgeable about blood component tests:
    • RBC count
    • WBC count
    • Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
    • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).
    • Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
    • Iron levels
    • Platelet count
    • Hemoglobin (Hgb)
    • Hematocrit (Hct)
    • Coagulation studies
      • Prothrombin time (PT)
      • Partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
      • International normalized ratio (INR)
      • D-dimer
      • Fibrinogen levels
      • Fibrin degradation products
  • Complete blood count (CBC) is a series of tests including RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, Hgb, and Hct.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz explores the key concepts of hematologic assessments, including the evaluation of blood components and the role of bone marrow in blood production. Participants will learn about various blood tests and their significance in diagnosing diseases. Test your knowledge on blood collection methods and testing procedures essential for healthcare professionals.

More Like This

Hematologic System Assessment Quiz
32 questions
Anemia and Red Blood Cell Assessment
42 questions

Anemia and Red Blood Cell Assessment

FlexibleUnderstanding7613 avatar
FlexibleUnderstanding7613
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser