Hematocrit and Blood Components Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)?

  • Inhibit the production of new leukocytes
  • Regulate the production of red blood cells
  • Stimulate the growth of leukocyte colonies in culture (correct)
  • Block the differentiation of stem cells

    • What is the effect of cytokines released by active leukocytes fighting a bacterial infection?

  • Inhibit the action of existing leukocytes
  • Decrease the production of white blood cells
  • Stimulate the production of additional neutrophils and monocytes (correct)
  • Promote the growth of red blood cells

    • What happens to a leukocyte once it matures?

  • It becomes more vulnerable to infections
  • It regains its stem cell properties
  • It loses its ability to undergo mitosis (correct)
  • It continues to undergo constant cell division

    • How do clinicians use a differential white cell count to help with diagnosis?

    <p>To determine the relative proportions of different types of leukocytes in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of most adult hemoglobin (HbA)?

    <p>Two alpha chains and two beta chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is about 70% of the iron in the body found?

    <p>In the heme groups of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is iron absorbed in the small intestine?

    <p>By active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carrier protein binds iron and transports it in the blood?

    <p>Transferrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the excess iron stores found in the body?

    <p>Inside a spherical protein called molecule ferritin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial symptoms of iron toxicity in children?

    <p>Gastrointestinal pain and cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of red blood cells?

    <p>Facilitate oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>Control red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Thrombopoietin (TPO)?

    <p>Stimulate platelet production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of Erythropoietin (EPO) production in adults?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases are characterized by either a lack or an excess of leukocytes?

    <p>Leukemias and neutropenias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the production of a transcription factor called hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)?

    <p>Low oxygen levels in the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are scientists currently monitoring to ensure they do not increase the likelihood of developing hematological diseases?

    <p>Safety of hematopoietic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one reason for the delay in identifying Erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>It is stored in large quantities in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one breakthrough after isolating the Erythropoietin (EPO) gene?

    <p>Quick production of EPO through recombinant DNA technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of Thrombopoietin (TPO) production?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are patients with neutropenias unable to fight off?

    <p>Bacterial and viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cytokine was first described in 1958 but its gene was not cloned until 1994?

    <p>Thrombopoietin (TPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of hematocrit for a man?

    <p>40–54%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of ATP for mature red blood cells?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleus of the erythroblast as it matures?

    <p>It condenses and is eventually phagocytized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of mature mammalian red blood cells in an isotonic solution?

    <p>Biconcave disks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows red blood cells to change shape as they pass through narrow capillaries?

    <p>Complex cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes red blood cells to shrink up and develop a spiky surface in hypertonic media?

    <p>Osmotic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spherocytosis refer to in relation to red blood cells?

    <p>Spherical shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disease state do red blood cells lose their flattened disk shape and become spherical?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>Oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of hemoglobin?

    <p>A large, complex protein with four globular protein chains, each wrapped around an iron-containing heme group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medium causes red blood cells to swell and form a sphere without disruption of its membrane integrity?

    <p>Hypotonic medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to erythroblasts in the last stage before maturation?

    <p>Mitochondria break down and disappear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can provide clues to the presence of disease in red blood cells?

    <p>Sickle or crescent moon shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

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