Questions and Answers
What is the minimum required size for a helicopter landing zone (LZ)?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for helicopter transport?
What slope percentage is allowable at a helicopter landing zone?
Who is responsible for establishing radio communications with the helicopter?
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What is a crucial element for helicopter take-off and landing procedures regarding wind direction?
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What is essential for ensuring the safety of the helicopter landing zone?
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Which of the following best describes the area characteristics of a suitable landing zone?
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What should be done if obstructions exist in the landing zone?
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What is the recommended distance that bystanders should maintain from a helicopter during landing and takeoff?
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Which precaution should be taken regarding eye protection during helicopter operations?
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When loading the patient into the helicopter, which action should ground crew take afterward?
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In which direction should ground personnel approach and depart the helicopter if it is landed on a slope?
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What is the minimum distance ground vehicles should maintain from a helicopter while it is on the ground?
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What is the primary purpose of using red lights during night landing zone operations?
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Which procedure should be strictly followed when marking a night landing zone?
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What should the LZ Coordinator do if the landing zone is deemed unsafe?
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What is the recommended safety position for the LZ Coordinator during operations?
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How should ground crew members assist the medical crew after landing?
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When working around a helicopter, what is the safest approach protocol?
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What gear should firefighters wear to assist pilots during nighttime operations?
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What visibility precautions should be taken when lighting the LZ at night?
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Study Notes
Marking a Night Landing Zone
- Position two vehicles facing into the wind with headlights crossing at the center of the landing zone (LZ).
- Reflective stripes on firefighters' bunker gear assist pilot visibility.
- Establish ground/air radio contact promptly during LZ operations.
- Avoid pointing bright white lights at the helicopter to prevent vision hazards.
- Use red lights for accident location recognition; they do not affect pilot night vision.
Ground Procedures
- LZ Coordinator must assess safety and signal a wave-off if necessary.
- Coordinator should remain at a safe distance while keeping visual contact with the pilot.
- During approach, wear eye protection and use flashlights for night operations.
- Position crew for immediate fire extinguishment if needed.
- Post-landing, maintain distance from the helicopter; medical crew exits frontward.
- Ground crew directs medical team to patients and provides security around the helicopter.
- Always approach and depart the helicopter from the front; avoid raising objects overhead.
Air Support and Helicopter Transport Criteria
- Helicopter requests to be made through the FAO by the Incident Commander (IC).
- Transport criteria include hazardous road conditions, multiple victims, successful resuscitation, and prolonged extrication needs.
Landing Zone Guidelines
- IC assigns an LZ coordinator responsible for selecting a safe area, maintaining radio contact, and ensuring personnel control.
- LZ should be level (at least 70' x 70'), firm, and clear of debris.
- The area must have a 2% slope maximum and be free from obstructions like trees, poles, and wires.
- Ensure landing approach and takeoff paths are unobstructed, and communicate any obstacles to the pilot.
Additional Safety Protocols
- If landing on a slope, approach from the downslope side only.
- Maintain a minimum distance of 70' for vehicles and 200' for bystanders from the helicopter.
- Eye protection is mandatory during landing and takeoff; chin straps should be secure.
- Ground crew must depart towards the front after loading the patient, maintaining a clear departure path.
Hand Signals
- Refer to designated figures for specific helicopter hand signals to ensure effective communication during operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the procedures and safety measures for marking a night landing zone (LZ) and conducting ground operations. This quiz covers essential protocols that ensure the safety of first responders and pilots during nighttime missions. Understand the key roles, equipment used, and communication strategies in night landings.