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Helicobacter pylori: Immune Evasion & Treatment

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Helicobacter pylori: Immune Evasion & Treatment

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Questions and Answers

How does Helicobacter pylori evade the host immune system?

By rapidly replicating to outpace the immune response.
By producing a thick capsule that prevents phagocytosis.
By utilizing bacterial LPS and flagella with patterns that prevent immune recognition. (correct)
By directly attacking and destroying immune cells.

Which mechanism does the VacA protein of Helicobacter pylori employ to cause damage to the host?

It directly stimulates the growth of cancerous cells in the stomach lining.
It neutralizes antibodies, preventing them from targeting the bacteria.
It inhibits the production of stomach acid, leading to an imbalance in the gastric environment.
It damages cell membranes, induces cell death, and damages T cells. (correct)

The mechanism of action of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in treating Helicobacter pylori-associated cancer involves:

Stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Inhibiting the production of stomach acid to create an environment unfavorable for cancer cell growth.
Specifically targeting and destroying only cancerous cells without affecting healthy cells.
Mimicking normal pyrimidines and incorporating into DNA or RNA, thereby disrupting the synthesis in all dividing cells. (correct)

How does Helicobacter pylori infection potentially lead to cancer development?

<p>Through bacterial genes causing uncontrolled division of epithelium cells over months to years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) like Prilosec used in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections?

<p>To decrease stomach acid, which aids in healing ulcers and enhances the effect of antibiotics against the bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fecal-Oral Transmission

Infection spread through contaminated food or water.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

A bacterium that colonizes the stomach, leading to ulcers and potentially cancer.

Urease

Enzyme produced by H. pylori that converts urea to ammonia, neutralizing stomach acid.

VacA and CagA Proteins

The VacA protein damages cell membranes and T cells, while CagA alters the cytoskeleton and induces inflammation.

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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

A pyrimidine analogue that the body incorporates into DNA/RNA, disrupting cell growth; used as chemotherapy.