Heat Transfer and Temperature Conversions

A formula used to calculate temperature (T) based on pressure readings (P0, P100, PT).

A thermometer that uses the expansion of mercury to measure temperature.

Mercury thermometers don't work below -38°C because mercury doesn't expand at these low temperatures.

A device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy.

The phenomenon where a voltage is generated in dissimilar conductors due to a temperature difference.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

An example of using the temperature calculation formula: 40 - 20 × 100 / (100 - 20) = 25°C.

A type of thermometer used to measure body temperatures.

Energy transferred from a hotter object to a colder object.

Average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Temperature scale without a negative zero point, using absolute zero.

Temperature scale, where 0°C is the freezing point of water and 100°C is the boiling point of water.

Temperature scale, where 32°F is the freezing point of water and 212°F is the boiling point of water.

TK = Tc + 273

Tc = 5/9 * (TF - 32)

TF = 9/5 * (Tc + 32)

The change in temperature, calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature.

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an object by 1°C.

Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.

C = Q / ΔT. Where C is Heat Capacity, Q is total heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature

c = C/m = Q / (m * ΔT). Where c is specific heat, C is Heat Capacity, m is mass, Q is total heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature

Q = m * c * ΔT. Where Q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change

0.1 Cal/g °C

0.32 Cal/g °C

1 Cal/g °C

Water > Glass > Iron

The energy absorbed by water to increase its temperature.

The energy absorbed by the container (glass) to increase its temperature.

Energy required for a substance to change phase (from steam to liquid water, in this case).

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

The temperature reached when the steam and water achieve thermal equilibrium.

The starting temperature of the steam.

The mass of the water present in the container.

The mass of the container itself (often glass).

The sum of the heat gained by water, container, and steam during the phase change.

The movement of thermal energy from a hotter object to a colder object.

Heat transfer through direct contact between objects.

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Q = K A (Thot - Tcold).

P = εσA(T₁⁴ - T₂⁴).

The amount of heat transferred per unit of time. Measured in Watts.

The difference in temperature between two objects or locations.

A material's ability to conduct heat.

Measure of how well a surface emits radiation.

A physical constant in the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

Rate at which energy is transferred as radiation