Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Quiz

The digital thermometer is used for its accuracy, measuring temperature changes to 0.1 °C.

Allowing a greater change in temperature will reduce the percentage error.

Insulating the metal block minimizes heat loss or gain from the environment, ensuring accurate measurement of the heat absorbed by the metal.

<p>The initial temperature of the metal should be below room temperature to negate heat gain from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crushing the ice allows it to melt more uniformly and ensures that all of the ice is at 0 °C before mixing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat capacity measures the total heat required to raise the temperature of a body, while specific heat capacity measures the heat needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specific heat capacity of water is 4180 J kg–1 K–1. This high value allows water to absorb and store large amounts of heat, making it effective for temperature regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage heaters store heat in materials with high specific heat capacity, allowing them to absorb and retain heat during cheaper electricity rates and release it gradually throughout the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat is lost by the hot copper and gained by the water, reaching thermal equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat lost by copper can be calculated using the formula: heat = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulation in storage heaters minimizes heat loss, allowing stored energy to be released slowly throughout the day for efficient heating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific heat capacity is crucial in calorimetry as it allows calculation of heat transfer during thermal exchanges between substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4200 J kg–1 K–1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction transfers heat through direct contact between particles, while convection involves the movement of fluid due to temperature-induced density differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the transfer of heat through the movement of energy between adjacent particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The U-value quantifies the amount of heat energy conducted per second through 1 m² of a structure for a temperature difference of 1 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar heating systems use solar thermal collectors to heat water, which then rises to a tank, driven by convection, as cooler water replaces it from below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapped air enhances insulation because it is a poor conductor of heat, reducing heat loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat is transferred by electromagnetic waves, with dark surfaces radiating and absorbing heat more effectively than bright, shiny ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection currents help circulate hot water, allowing heated water at the top of the tank to flow out, ensuring efficient heating in the home.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is determined by the amount of energy required to change ice into water without changing its temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy absorbed is 1,471,000 J (or 1.47 MJ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a given quantity of a substance by 1 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The highest temperature reached is approximately 113.1 °C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using insulated walls for the pit to reduce heat loss to the environment would improve efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A heat pump transfers heat from a cooler area to a warmer area by compressing the refrigerant vapor and thus raising its temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fluid should have a high specific latent heat of vaporization and a low boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of the evaporated fluid is 2.6 kg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat pump cools the refrigerator by absorbing heat from the air and releasing it outside, reducing the temperature inside.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature reduces because perspiration evaporates from the skin, which absorbs heat and cools the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average energy is $36,000 J$ calculated as $1.2 \times 10^2 W m^{-2} \times 5 m^2 \times 60 s$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy lost is $75.84 \text{ kJ}$ calculated as $2.8 W m^{-2} \times 3.0 m^2 \times 9 K \times 3600 s$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction is heat transfer through direct contact, convection involves fluid movement carrying heat, and radiation is heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solar constant is the amount of solar electromagnetic energy received per unit area at the outer edge of Earth's atmosphere, approximately $1361 W m^{-2}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The student would observe that the water's temperature increases as the aluminum loses heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulation minimizes heat loss or gain between the system and the environment, ensuring accurate measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This ensures that heat gained from the environment does not affect the accuracy of the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the formula $Q = mc\Delta T$, where $Q$ is energy, $m$ is mass, $c$ is specific heat capacity, and $\Delta T$ is the temperature change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precautions include proper insulation, quick transfer of hot materials, and precise measurement tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers