Heat Capacity and Specific Heat of Water
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Questions and Answers

Why is the metal vessel hotter than the water when boiling water in a metal vessel?

  • Due to the higher specific heat capacity of water (correct)
  • Due to the lower heat capacity of the metal vessel
  • Due to the higher heat capacity of the metal vessel
  • Due to the lower thermal energy of the metal vessel

    • What is the unit of heat capacity in the International System of Units (SI)?

  • Joule (J) per Kelvin (K) (correct)
  • Watt (W) per Kelvin (K)
  • Joule (J)
  • Kelvin (K) per Joule (J)

    • What is the term for the mechanical movements of particles when a system is heated?

  • Degrees of freedom (correct)
  • Heat capacity
  • Specific heat
  • Thermal energy

    • Why do polyatomic molecules have higher specific heats than monoatomic molecules?

    <p>Due to the presence of bonds in polyatomic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the low specific heat capacity of gases?

    <p>Due to the negligible forces of attraction between gas molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific heat capacity of aluminium?

    <p>0.879 J/g K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 1 gram of tin is heated with the same amount of heat as 1 gram of aluminium, what can be said about their temperature changes?

    <p>The temperature of tin will rise three times faster than that of aluminium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption made in the calorimeter experiment?

    <p>The metal loses no heat to the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the specific heat capacity of a substance?

    <p>Cs = q / (m * ΔT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a calorimeter in the experiment?

    <p>To prevent heat loss to the surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Methane has a higher specific heat capacity than Argon?

    <p>Methane has more degrees of freedom than Argon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Aluminum have a higher specific heat capacity than Argon?

    <p>Aluminum is held together by strong metallic bonds, whereas Argon is held together by weaker dispersion forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why water has a higher specific heat capacity in its liquid phase than in its solid and gas phases?

    <p>Water has a larger surface area in its liquid phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of water's high heat capacity to organisms and their surroundings?

    <p>It prevents extreme temperature variations in the environment and within organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do metals have lower heat capacity values than water?

    <p>Metals have fewer degrees of freedom than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measure for specific heat capacity?

    <p>Joule per gram per Kelvin (J/gK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the high specific heat capacity of water?

    <p>High degree of freedom in the molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is molar heat capacity?

    <p>Heat capacity of 1 mole of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do gases have low specific heat capacity?

    <p>Weak intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between heat capacity and temperature change?

    <p>Heat capacity is inversely proportional to temperature change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using a calorimeter in the experiment?

    <p>To isolate the system from the surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption made when calculating the specific heat capacity of a metal?

    <p>No heat is lost to the surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the specific heat capacities of iron and tin?

    <p>The specific heat capacity of tin is one-third that of iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the specific heat capacity of water?

    <p>It is a reference point for other substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heating the metal to 100°C in the experiment?

    <p>To ensure the metal is at a higher temperature than the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why chlorine gas has a higher specific heat capacity than argon gas?

    <p>It has a higher degree of freedom due to its diatomic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the specific heat capacity of water increase when it changes from solid to liquid phase?

    <p>The particles gain more degrees of freedom due to increased motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why metals have lower heat capacity values than water?

    <p>They have fewer degrees of freedom than water molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a high heat capacity to the environment?

    <p>It helps to prevent extreme temperature variations in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does methane require more heat than argon for a unit change in temperature?

    <p>It has more degrees of freedom due to its polyatomic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heat Capacity

    • Heat capacity, also referred to as thermal capacity, is a fundamental thermodynamic quantity that is a characteristic property of a substance.
    • It is a measurable value that can be used to credit the purity of substances.
    • The heat capacity, C, is the minimum heat absorbed by a substance to raise its temperature by one unit, 1 Kelvin or 1 Celsius.
    • It is conveyed in joule (J) per kelvin (K).

    Specific Heat Capacity

    • Specific heat capacity (or specific heat), Cs, is the minimum heat absorbed by 1 gram of the substance to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.
    • Molar heat capacity, Cm, is the heat capacity of 1 mole of a substance.

    Factors Contributing to Specific Heat

    • The heat capacity of a substance is a measure of the capacity of the molecules to harbor thermal energy.
    • Polyatomic molecules have higher degrees of freedom because of the bonds present in them and thus have greater specific heats than their monoatomic counterparts.
    • The force of attraction between particles also contributes to the specific heat capacity.

    Specific Heat Capacity of Water

    • The specific heat capacity of water is different in different phases: 2.100 J/g K for solid, 4.196 J/g K for liquid, and 2.030 J/g K for gas.
    • The high heat capacity of water benefits both organisms and their surroundings.

    Heat Capacity of Metals

    • Metals have low heat capacity values when compared to water.
    • The specific heat capacities of some common metals are: Copper (0.382 J/g K), Iron (0.446 J/g K), Aluminium (0.879 J/g K), and Tin (0.220 J/g K).

    Calculating Specific Heat Capacity

    • The specific heat capacity of a substance can be calculated using the formula: q = m x Cs x ΔT
    • A sample problem is given to calculate the specific heat of a 588 gram of Iron.

    Specific Heat of Metal Lab

    • The specific heat of a substance can be estimated in the lab using a calorimeter and thermometers.
    • The procedure involves creating a water bath, heating a metal piece, and measuring the temperature changes.

    Important Notes

    • Heat capacity is an important property of a substance that determines its ability to absorb and release heat energy.
    • Understanding heat capacity is crucial in understanding various physical and biological processes.

    Heat Capacity

    • Heat capacity is a fundamental thermodynamic quantity that measures the minimum heat absorbed by a substance to raise its temperature by one unit (1 Kelvin or 1 Celsius).
    • It is a measurable value that is a characteristic property of a substance and can be used to credit the purity of substances.
    • Heat capacity is conveyed in joule (J) per kelvin (K) according to the International System of Units (SI).

    Specific Heat Capacity

    • Specific heat capacity (Cs) is the minimum heat absorbed by 1 gram of a substance to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.
    • It is a measure of the capacity of the molecules to harbor thermal energy.
    • Factors contributing to specific heat capacity include:
      • Degrees of freedom: the number of ways molecules can move (translational, rotational, vibrational, etc.)
      • Force of attraction: the strength of intermolecular forces between particles

    Comparison of Specific Heat Capacities

    • Substances can have different specific heat capacities depending on their phase (solid, liquid, gas) and molecular structure.
    • Examples:
      • Argon (gas): 0.314 J/g K
      • Aluminium (solid): 0.879 J/g K
      • Methane (gas): 1.712 J/g K
      • Water (solid, liquid, gas): 2.100 J/g K, 4.196 J/g K, 2.030 J/g K

    Heat Capacity of Water

    • Water has a high heat capacity, which benefits both organisms and their surroundings.
    • Water's high heat capacity helps to:
      • Regulate body temperature in organisms
      • Keep the environment's temperature stable

    Heat Capacity of Metals

    • Metals have low heat capacity values compared to water.
    • Examples:
      • Copper (solid): 0.382 J/g K
      • Iron (solid): 0.446 J/g K
      • Aluminium (solid): 0.879 J/g K
      • Tin (solid): 0.220 J/g K

    Calculating Specific Heat Capacity

    • The specific heat capacity of a substance can be calculated using the formula: q = m * Cs * ΔT
    • Where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, Cs is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

    Laboratory Experiment

    • The specific heat capacity of a substance can be estimated in the lab using a calorimeter and a heat source.
    • The procedure involves:
      • Heating a metal piece to a high temperature
      • Transferring the metal to a calorimeter containing water
      • Measuring the initial and final temperatures of the water and metal
      • Calculating the specific heat capacity using the formula: q = m * Cs * ΔT

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    Description

    Learn about heat capacity and specific heat, with a focus on water, and why it takes longer to heat up than metal.

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